邯郸市三所“中升专”学校大专生错别字研究与对策

发布时间：2018-08-25 16:59

【摘要】：汉字是历史悠久并且一直使用到现在的唯一文字，它是我们母语文化的载体，对于记录和传承祖国文化，维护国家统一，促进社会发展都起着重要作用。随着经济和科技的发展，交流的便捷，社会的进步，人们掌握和使用汉字的水平却显得有些倒退。社会上错读、错用、错写汉字的现象屡见不鲜，即使在大学校园也不例外。本研究把邯郸市三所“中升专”学校的小学教育专业大专生作为研究对象，通过对他们进行问卷调查、搜集学生的作业（包括作文）、听课笔记等获取语料和相关数据。对获取的语料，通过统计成绩和错别字数量，归纳出错别字类型及所占比例，比较不同类型在数量上的差异，分析错别字类型的特点及出现原因，根据问卷调查获得的数据分析大专生错别字和出现原因的相关关系，并提出相应对策。研究的结果表明，邯郸市三所“中升专”学校小学教育专业大专生错别字的情况比较严重。类型主要有错字、别字和不规范字三大类。在三大类型错别字总量中别字所占比例最高，错字次之，但错字所占比例也较高，不规范字所占比例最小。因此，教师在纠正错别字时，要以别字和错字为主。三所学校大专生错别字产生的原因与以下因素有关：首先是大专生自身的因素，如生源因素，生源质量相对较弱；如学生在中小学汉字认知基础没有打好，导致基础较差，而没有打好基础的原因又受到诸多因素影响，如汉字自身因素，教师因素，家庭因素等。其次是大专生周边因素，如学校因素，社会环境因素，电脑和网络等科技因素的影响，规范汉字的标准不统一等。针对三所学校大专生错别字采取的对策也根据以上错别字产生的原因而制订，，包括树立和增强规范汉字意识；改变对汉字的轻视态度；利用心理学知识学好汉字；净化和规范学校环境和社会环境；合理使用电脑和手机，净化网络用字环境；统一规范汉字标准；利用汉字特点教学，提高汉字教学效率；开设规范汉字训练课；建立规范汉字考核和奖惩制度等。
[Abstract]:Chinese character is the only character which has a long history and has been used until now. It is the carrier of our mother tongue culture, which plays an important role in recording and inheriting the motherland culture, maintaining the national unity and promoting the social development. With the development of economy and technology, the convenience of communication and the progress of society, the level of people mastering and using Chinese characters appears to be retrogressive. Misreading, misusing and miswriting Chinese characters are common phenomena, even on university campuses. In this study, the students of primary education major in three secondary schools in Handan city were selected as the research objects. Through the questionnaire survey, the students' homework (including composition), lecture notes and so on were collected to obtain language materials and related data. On the basis of statistical results and the number of wrong characters, the types and proportion of wrong characters are summed up, the differences of different types in quantity are compared, and the characteristics and reasons of the types of wrong characters are analyzed. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire, this paper analyzes the correlation between the errors and the causes of the students' errors, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. The results of the study show that the situation of students of primary education major in Handan is serious. There are three main types of typologies: wrong word, other word and non-standard word. Among the three types of characters, the proportion of other characters is the highest, the proportion of wrong characters is the second, but the proportion of wrong characters is also high, and the proportion of non-standard characters is the smallest. Therefore, the teacher in correcting the wrong character, to the wrong character and the main word. The reasons for the students' mistakes are related to the following factors: first, the students' own factors, such as the students' origin, the quality of the students' resources is relatively weak; if the students' cognitive foundation of Chinese characters in primary and secondary schools is not well laid, the students' foundation is poor. The reasons for not laying a good foundation are influenced by many factors, such as Chinese characters themselves, teachers, family factors and so on. The second is the influence of peripheral factors, such as school factors, social environment factors, computer and network factors, the standard of standardized Chinese characters and so on. The countermeasures for the students in three schools are also based on the reasons for the above errors, including setting up and strengthening the consciousness of standardizing Chinese characters, changing the attitude of despising Chinese characters, using psychological knowledge to learn Chinese characters well. Purifying and standardizing school environment and social environment; using computer and mobile phone rationally, purifying network character environment; unifying and standardizing Chinese character standard; using Chinese character characteristic teaching, improving Chinese character teaching efficiency; setting up standardized Chinese character training course; Establish and standardize Chinese character examination and reward and punishment system and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H124

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