基于语料库的汉英词汇互借研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 13:50

【摘要】：词汇借用是语言文化交流的记录和印证,依据词典信息建成的语料库可为词汇分析提供详实的语言材料。本文参考Cannon(1988)对英语中的汉语借词所作的统计分析,根据《汉语外来词词典》建成汉语中的英语借词(英源词)语料库,比较汉英词汇互借的异同。本研究表明,20世纪80年代之前的汉英词汇互借呈现三方面的特征:所借词汇总数悬殊,汉语从英语借用的词汇总数大大超过英语从汉语借用的词汇总数,前者是后者的三倍以上;所借用义项的比例具有相似性,高达93%以上的借词只借用了一个义项;所借用词语的义类有显著差别,汉语中的英语借词主要来源于自然科学、应用科学和社会科学三大领域,而英语中的汉语借词主要来源于食品饮料与生物群两个门类,多为与中国饮食文化和奇异生物有关的词语。从文化交流的角度而言,文化强势与弱势造成了所借词汇总数与义类的差异。
[Abstract]:Lexical borrowing is the record and confirmation of language and cultural exchanges. A corpus based on dictionary information can provide detailed language materials for lexical analysis. This paper makes a comparison between Chinese and English loanwords according to Cannon's (1988) statistical analysis of Chinese loanwords in English. This study shows that before the 1980s, Chinese-English lexical borrowing had three features: the total number of borrowed words was very different, the total number of borrowed words from Chinese was much more than that from English, the former was more than three times as much as the latter, and the proportion of borrowed meanings was as high as 93%. The Chinese loanwords mainly come from natural sciences, Applied Sciences and social sciences, while the Chinese loanwords mainly come from food and beverage and biological groups, mostly related to Chinese food culture and exotic organisms. From the perspective of cultural communication, cultural strengths and weaknesses lead to differences in the total number of borrowed words and their semantic categories.
【作者单位】：盐城师范学院外国语学院;
【基金】：福建省社会科学规划项目“英汉文化语义对比研究”(项目编号2008B2083)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】