提升结构的句法再研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 19:39

【摘要】：提升结构是一种特殊的句法现象，因涉及到复杂的句法、语义以及词汇关系，已有许多国内外学者从生成语法角度、功能角度对其进行了研究。通过分析前人研究发现，引发提升的理论动因本身存在许多不足，提升结构的分类存在很大分歧，研究停留在对表面现象的直观描述上。鉴于此，本文尝试对提升结构的句法特征和生成机制作再分析和再解释。本文拟在生成语法理论框架下重新分析提升结构的句法特征，以期对其生成机制作出合理的解释。首先，笔者回顾了以往研究对提升结构的特征和生成机制的分析。在提升结构中，谓语动词被认为不能指派外题元角色和结构格，而且会引起内嵌从句的主语从有论旨角色但无格的位置提升至没有论旨角色但有格的主句主语或宾语位置。根据提升谓词的性质，提升结构主要分为:主语提升,如seem-structure；宾语提升，如believe-structure。在原则和参数框架中，提升操作主要的理论基础是题元理论和格理论。其次，本文总结了前人对英、汉语提升结构的研究，论证了他们对提升的生成机制和分类的解释之不足。在此分析过程中，笔者用到了题元理论，格理论，经济性原则等理论，并借助了逻辑分析方法和丰富的英、汉语语料。最后，遵循句法分析的经济性原则和词汇完整原则，本文把提升现象解释为谓词在词汇层面的形态变化,而非句法范畴。根据构成句子的充要条件，本文采用了赵彦春关于人类语言的基本逻辑模板的假说，并在该假设的逻辑模板上论证了提升动词是结构完整的VP，即VP+，VP结构之外的成分属于附加语。通过分析seem-和be-结构进一步证实了本文的结论。本文通过分析理论和典型的提升谓词为英语提升结构提供了一个暂时可行的统一方案，恰当地解决了题元理论和格理论所面临的问题；同时，人类语言基本逻辑模板的假设有助于重新探讨不同的句子结构和语言的共性，对生成语法的理论研究具有绵薄的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Lifting structure is a special syntactic phenomenon. Because of its complicated syntactic, semantic and lexical relations, many scholars at home and abroad have studied it from the perspective of generative grammar and function. Through the analysis of previous studies, it is found that there are many deficiencies in the theoretical motivation itself, and there are great differences in the classification of lifting structures, and the research remains on the intuitive description of surface phenomena. In view of this, this paper attempts to reanalyze and reinterpret the syntactic features and generation mechanisms of lifting structures. This paper intends to re-analyze the syntactic characteristics of lifting structures under the framework of generative grammar theory in order to explain its generating mechanism reasonably. Firstly, the author reviews the previous studies on the characteristics and generation mechanism of lifting structures. In the lifting structure, the predicate verb is considered to be unable to assign the external role and the structural case, and it will cause the subject of the embedded clause to move from the position of the subject with the purposive role but without the case to the position of the subject or the object with the case but without the role of the tenor. According to the nature of the lifting predicate, the lifting structure is mainly divided into: subject promotion, such as seem-structure; object promotion, such as believe-structure. In the framework of principle and parameter, the main theoretical basis of lifting operation is the theory of question element theory and lattice theory. Secondly, this paper summarizes the previous researches on the ascending structure of English and Chinese, and demonstrates their insufficient explanation of the generation mechanism and classification of ascension. In the process of this analysis, the author uses the theory of question meta-theory, case theory, economic principle and so on, and with the help of logical analysis method and abundant English and Chinese corpus. Finally, following the economic principle and lexical integrity principle of syntactic analysis, this paper interprets the promotion phenomenon as the morphological change of predicate at the lexical level, rather than the syntactic category. According to the necessary and sufficient conditions for the construction of sentences, this paper adopts Zhao Yanchun's hypothesis on the basic logical template of human language. On the hypothetical logical template, it is proved that the lifting verb is a structurally complete VP, that is, the component other than the VP / VP structure belongs to an adjunct. By analyzing the structure of seem- and be-, the conclusion of this paper is further confirmed. By analyzing the theory and the typical promotion predicates, this paper provides a temporary and feasible unified scheme for the promotion of English structures, and solves the problems faced by the problem meta-theory and the case theory, and at the same time, The hypothesis of the basic logical template of human language is helpful to re-explore the different sentence structure and the commonness of language, and has a limited reference value for the theoretical study of generative grammar.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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