《南齐书》双音述宾结构研究
发布时间:2018-09-04 19:38
【摘要】:《南齐书》是中古时期的正史作品,语言典雅简练,还有不少生动活泼的口语。它成书于南朝齐梁年间,是中古汉语书面语的代表。 《南齐书》中的双音述宾结构可分为双音述宾短语和述宾式双音词。双音述宾短语的述语由四类词充当:动词、名词、形容词、方位词。其中,动词述语最多。在动词述语中又以强动作性的动作行为动词为多数。趋向动词、感官动词、弱动作性动词、无动作性动词、形容词述语和名词述语、方位词述语都较少。不过,无动作性的存现动词在书中复现率很高。名词和形容词作述语都属于词类活用,方位词述语则正处于向趋向动词过渡的阶段。宾语以体词性宾语为主,其中又以名词为大多数。数词、代词、区别词宾语较少。谓词性宾语涉及两种词性:动词、形容词。它们在进入词汇层面时都转为了名词性语素。述宾语义关系非常丰富,以受事关系为多。 《南齐书》中述宾式双音词按词性可分为动词、形容词、名词、副词四类。其中,动词最多。构成动词的两个语素可以含有动词性语素也可以不含有,但以“动+名→动”式最常见。名词在数量上位居第二,但成词方式很单一。形容词和副词的数量都较少。形容词的构成方式中可以含有形语素也可以不含有,但副词的成词方式都不含有副词性语素。双音词中最有特色的是历史词,不仅数量众多,而且词义的覆盖范围及其广泛,以祭祀类的为多数。从词性上看,双音述宾式历史词以动词为主。 述宾式双音词大多是由短语凝固而来的,但它的词汇化也是有一定条件的。通过对《南齐书》述宾式双音词的考察发现,双音述宾短语词汇化必须弱化述语的动作性,使宾语模糊化、虚指化。由于转喻和隐喻机制的存在,使这一条件成为了现实。在《南齐书》中有许多述宾式双音词都是通过这两种手段成词的。述宾短语的词汇化是语言内部因素跟语言外部因素同时作用的结果。
[Abstract]:The book of the Southern Qi Dynasty is a historical work of the Middle Ancient period, with elegant and concise language and lively oral language. It was written in the Qi and Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasty and was the representative of the written language in the Middle Ancient Chinese. The structure of double syllable and object in the Book of Nanqi can be divided into two types: double syllable object phrase and object type double syllable word. Double-syllable object phrases are represented by four types of words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, and locales. Among them, verbs are the most. In the verb predicate, the strong action verb is the majority. There are few directional verbs, sensory verbs, weak action verbs, non-action verbs, adjective and noun descriptors, and orientation words. However, non-action existential verbs are highly reproducible in the book. Both nouns and adjectives are used in parts of speech, while locative words are at the stage of transition to directional verbs. The object is mainly the body-of-speech object, in which the noun is the majority. Numerals, pronouns, and differentiating objects are few. Predicate objects involve two parts of speech: verbs and adjectives. When they enter the lexical level, they all turn into nominal morphemes. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the two syllable words can be divided into four categories according to their parts of speech: verbs, adjectives, nouns and adverbs. Among them, the verb is the most. The two morphemes that make up a verb may or may not contain a verb morpheme, but the "verb noun" pattern is the most common. Nouns rank second in number, but in a single way. There are fewer adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives may or may not contain morphemes, but adverbs do not contain adverbial morphemes. The most characteristic of dicyllabic words is historical words, which not only has a large number, but also covers a wide range of meanings, most of which are sacrificial words. In terms of part of speech, two-syllable object-object historical words are mainly verbs. Most of the declarative disyllabic words come from the solidification of phrases, but their lexicalization also has certain conditions. Through the investigation of the two syllable words in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, it is found that the lexicalization of the double syllable and the object phrase must weaken the action of the predicate and make the object vague and fictitious. Due to the existence of metonymy and metaphor mechanism, this condition has become a reality. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, many declarative and object disyllabic words are formed by these two methods. Lexicalization of predicate phrases is the result of both internal and external factors.
【学位授予单位】:南京师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:H141
本文编号:2223139
[Abstract]:The book of the Southern Qi Dynasty is a historical work of the Middle Ancient period, with elegant and concise language and lively oral language. It was written in the Qi and Liang dynasties of the Southern Dynasty and was the representative of the written language in the Middle Ancient Chinese. The structure of double syllable and object in the Book of Nanqi can be divided into two types: double syllable object phrase and object type double syllable word. Double-syllable object phrases are represented by four types of words: verbs, nouns, adjectives, and locales. Among them, verbs are the most. In the verb predicate, the strong action verb is the majority. There are few directional verbs, sensory verbs, weak action verbs, non-action verbs, adjective and noun descriptors, and orientation words. However, non-action existential verbs are highly reproducible in the book. Both nouns and adjectives are used in parts of speech, while locative words are at the stage of transition to directional verbs. The object is mainly the body-of-speech object, in which the noun is the majority. Numerals, pronouns, and differentiating objects are few. Predicate objects involve two parts of speech: verbs and adjectives. When they enter the lexical level, they all turn into nominal morphemes. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the two syllable words can be divided into four categories according to their parts of speech: verbs, adjectives, nouns and adverbs. Among them, the verb is the most. The two morphemes that make up a verb may or may not contain a verb morpheme, but the "verb noun" pattern is the most common. Nouns rank second in number, but in a single way. There are fewer adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives may or may not contain morphemes, but adverbs do not contain adverbial morphemes. The most characteristic of dicyllabic words is historical words, which not only has a large number, but also covers a wide range of meanings, most of which are sacrificial words. In terms of part of speech, two-syllable object-object historical words are mainly verbs. Most of the declarative disyllabic words come from the solidification of phrases, but their lexicalization also has certain conditions. Through the investigation of the two syllable words in the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, it is found that the lexicalization of the double syllable and the object phrase must weaken the action of the predicate and make the object vague and fictitious. Due to the existence of metonymy and metaphor mechanism, this condition has become a reality. In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, many declarative and object disyllabic words are formed by these two methods. Lexicalization of predicate phrases is the result of both internal and external factors.
【学位授予单位】:南京师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:H141
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