五周岁汉语儿童的言语交际研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 08:59

【摘要】：汉语言学界从语言习得角度研究汉语儿童语言，在语音、语义、语法等方面取得了比较丰硕的成果，但他们未对儿童言语交际行为进行详尽的描写和分析。本文收集五周岁儿童的会话语料，从功能出发，描写五周岁儿童的言语交际行为，探讨儿童在具体的语境中如何选择适当的策略开展与他人的交谈，如何选择适当的语言形式来表达自己的意图。本文分为八章：第一章绪论，主要介绍研究对象、研究意义、理论背景、国内外儿童语言的研究概况，并对本文的术语使用、研究方法和语料来源进行了说明。第二章至第五章，借鉴外语教学里功能大纲的功能分类法，，分社交表达、谈话技巧、陈述与询问、指令与提供、态度、情感表达，对五周岁儿童的言语功能类别进行描写分析。第六章、第七章，选择分析儿童使用频率很高的指令类言语行为和不满类言语行为。运用社会语言学理论，对主要调查对象在不同情景下与成人、同伴的会话情况进行对比分析，探寻制约语言选择的因素。第八章结语，对本文的研究内容和结论进行了归纳和整理，并指出了文中存在的不足和今后值得深入研究的问题。本文的主要结论有：一、五周岁儿童已能识别任务性质、权势性质和角色关系。交际目的、交往意愿、任务性质、权势性质、社会距离影响儿童交际策略的选择，其中交际目的是核心影响因素。儿童能根据语境的变化调整交际策略和具体的语言表达形式。同伴交往中，同伴的性格类型、个人能力、公众评价影响儿童的交往意愿。儿童对同伴抱有强烈的交往意愿能使儿童自动放弃主场话语权，放弃年龄、性别带来的优势，主动控制情绪、态度，选用礼貌合作的交际策略和语言表达形式。二、表达同一种交际目的的语言形式存在语力级差，儿童在语言实践中，通过他人的反馈，逐渐掌握它们的差别和使用条件。
[Abstract]:Chinese linguists study Chinese children's language from the perspective of language acquisition. They have made fruitful achievements in pronunciation, semantics, grammar and so on, but they have not described and analyzed the children's verbal communication behavior in detail. In this paper, we collect the conversational data of five-year-old children, describe the speech communicative behaviors of five-year-olds from the perspective of their functions, and explore how children choose appropriate strategies to communicate with others in specific contexts. How to choose the appropriate language form to express your intention. This paper is divided into eight chapters: the first chapter introduces the research object, research significance, theoretical background, the general situation of children's language research at home and abroad, and explains the use of terms, research methods and data sources of this paper. The second to fifth chapters draw lessons from the functional classification of functional syllabus in foreign language teaching, including social expression, conversation skills, statement and inquiry, instruction and provision, attitude and emotional expression, and describe and analyze the speech function categories of children of five years of age. Chapter 6, Chapter 7, analyzes children's verbal acts of command and dissatisfaction. By using sociolinguistic theory, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the conversational situation between the main subjects and adults and peers in different situations, and explores the factors restricting language choice. The conclusion of the eighth chapter summarizes and arranges the research contents and conclusions of this paper, and points out the shortcomings of the paper and the problems worth further study in the future. The main conclusions are as follows: first, five-year-old children have been able to identify the nature of task, power and role relationship. Communicative purpose, communication intention, task nature, power nature and social distance affect children's choice of communication strategies, among which communicative purpose is the core factor. Children can adjust communication strategies and specific forms of language expression according to the change of context. In peer communication, peer personality type, individual ability and public evaluation influence children's communication intention. Children's strong will to communicate with their peers will enable them to give up their right to speak at home, to give up the advantages brought by age and gender, to take the initiative to control their emotions and attitudes, to choose politeness and cooperation in communication strategies and forms of language expression. Second, language forms expressing the same communicative purpose have different levels of language competence. In language practice, children gradually master their differences and conditions of use through feedback from others.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193.1

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