藏语词缀研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 09:35

【摘要】：词缀是藏语构词的主要成分之一,本文在国内外学者研究成果的基础上,运用普通语言学、历史语言学、传统文法等理论知识和相关研究方法,对藏语词缀进行多方位的研究。本文的主要内容如下：第一章讨论古今学者研究藏语词缀的情况。相关研究情况主要有：在传统文法中主要研究词根与词缀的结合规律和指人名词后缀的数量及用法：在传统正字法中略谈词缀(?)和(?)的用法；现代语言学家记录了许多藏语方言词汇并研究了构词方法。第二章讨论藏语词缀的定义及分类。笔者认为：藏语中的词缀是独立不能成词并在特定的位置为构成许多新词的虚语素。书面语词缀分为前缀、中缀、后缀三类,其中后缀分了(?)元音词缀、(?)元音词缀等几种类别。第三章分析藏语的词根与词缀的结合特征。对古藏文和五大方言的词汇分别进行比较详实的分析后,总结词根与词缀的结合规律及词缀减缩现象的共性和个性特征。第四章推测和解释藏语词缀的产生和演变规律。藏语后缀是藏语从藏缅语族原始语分离后产生的自源词缀。最初大部分虚语素词缀的声母和词根的辅音韵尾发音部位相同,经过历史的演变和语流音变,逐渐形成了词缀的声母和词根的辅音韵尾发音方法相同的形式,其中有些词缀的声母浊音清化。有些实语素产生的词缀声母从送气音变为不送气音。第五章讨论藏语词缀的功能。名词之后加词缀构成名词；形容词、动词和数词后加上词缀构成的新词都具有名词的语法功能,笔者把这些新的词取名为“(?)”,因此能够证明藏语词缀具有区别词性的语法功能。第六章探讨藏语词缀运用的统一性问题。通过藏文文献、语法著作、方言词汇的比较,对藏语词缀运用的统一性方面提出了详实而具体的观点。
[Abstract]:Affix is one of the main components of Tibetan word-formation. Based on the research results of scholars at home and abroad, this paper makes a multi-directional study of Tibetan affixes by using theoretical knowledge and relevant research methods such as general linguistics, historical linguistics, traditional grammar and so on. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter discusses ancient and modern scholars' research on Tibetan affixes. The related studies are as follows: in traditional grammar, the combination of root and affix and the number and usage of suffixes of human nouns are mainly studied: a brief discussion on affixes (?) in traditional orthography; And (?) Modern linguists have recorded many Tibetan dialect words and studied word formation methods. The second chapter discusses the definition and classification of Tibetan affixes. The author thinks that the affixes in Tibetan language are empty morphemes which can not be formed into words independently and are formed into many new words in a specific position. Written affixes are divided into three categories: prefix, infix and suffix, in which suffixes are divided into (?) Vowel affix, (?) Vowels, affixes, etc. The third chapter analyzes the combination of Tibetan roots and affixes. After comparing and analyzing the vocabulary of ancient Tibetan and five major dialects, this paper sums up the combination of root and affix, the commonness and individuality of affix reduction. Chapter four conjectures and explains the origin and evolution of affixes in Tibetan language. Tibetan suffixes are the original affixes which are produced by the separation of Tibetan and Burmese languages. At first, the initial consonants and root consonants of most of the fictitious morpheme affixes were pronounced in the same position. After the evolution of history and the phonetic changes of the flow, the consonant end sounds of the affixes and the root consonants gradually formed the same form of pronunciation. Some of these affixes are purged by the initial consonant. Some real morphemes produce suffix consonants that change from aspirating to non-aspirating. The fifth chapter discusses the function of Tibetan affix. Nouns are formed by affixes, adjectives, verbs and numerals are all grammatical functions of nouns, and the new words are called "(?)". Therefore, it can prove that Tibetan affixes have the grammatical function of distinguishing parts of speech. Chapter six discusses the unity of the use of affixes in Tibetan. Through the comparison of Tibetan literature, grammatical works and dialect vocabulary, this paper puts forward detailed and concrete views on the unity of the use of affixes in Tibetan.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H214

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