现代汉语通指句认知研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 06:45
【摘要】：对通指的研究始于20世纪70年代，迄今为止尚无统一定论。语言学研究主流为逻辑与结构形式语义分析，因忽视概念与思维之间的关系，无法从本质上解释反例容忍现象，本文试以认知理论为基础研究此问题；汉语中有两大非典型名词性通指表现形式：“这+BCN”和“一量名”构式，相关讨论较零碎，有必要对其进行解释性研究；目前关于通指句的句法-语义限制分析甚少，本文试在这方面做出一定努力。 在层级假设和主观化理论框架下，本文主要得出了如下三方面结论：1）特征类通指句反例容忍现象是层级心理模型触发认知推理过程造成的结果，合意模型的选择由整个句子结构认知域决定，反例本质上与“数量”无关；2）通指性“这”源自指示词“这”的“认同用”和“情境用”，话题义极明显，主要用于强调个人主观信念与态度，语法化过程中伴随明显的情感与认知主观化；通指性“一”适用于针对个体宣扬普遍道理的语境，命题意义较BCN弱，主观性更强，通指一量名构式对名词生命度的要求及其与通指测试框架的不兼容性决定了其分布广度不如通指性“这”，从而否定了之前关于汉语通指最基本表现形式的共识；3）句法-语义分析方面主要涉及主谓语指称意义匹配问题，其中动作性动词由于发生了主观化，指称意义降低，，因此可与通指性成分匹配，由于动词对论元的约束力下降，整个句子形态变化减少。 本文所采用的认知研究方法从根本上解释了反例容忍这一难题；对通指性“这”和“一”的理据阐释及句法-语义限制的分析从单纯的描写性分析上升到了解释性研究层面。
[Abstract]:The study of generic finger began in the 1970 s, and there is no unified conclusion. The mainstream of linguistic research is the semantic analysis of logic and structural form, but it is impossible to explain counterexample tolerance in essence because of neglecting the relationship between concepts and thinking. This paper attempts to study this problem on the basis of cognitive theory. There are two kinds of atypical generic expressions in Chinese: "this BCN" and "one quantity name" construction, which are discussed in a piecemeal way, so it is necessary to make an explanatory study on them. At present, there are very few syntactic and semantic restrictions on syntactic and semantic constraints of generic sentences. This paper tries to make some efforts in this respect. Under the framework of hierarchical hypothesis and subjectivization theory, this paper mainly draws the following three conclusions: 1) the counterexample tolerance of the generic sentence of characteristic class is the result of cognitive reasoning triggered by the hierarchical psychological model. The choice of consensus model is decided by the whole cognitive domain of sentence structure. The counterexample is essentially independent of "quantity" and "2) generality", which "comes from the demonstrative word" identity "and" situational use ". The topic meaning is very obvious. It is mainly used to emphasize personal subjective belief and attitude, accompanied by obvious emotion and cognitive subjectivity in the process of grammaticalization, the generality "one" is applicable to the context where the individual preaches universal truth, the propositional meaning is weaker than BCN, and the subjectivity is stronger. The incompatibility between the generality and the test frame of generality determines that the scope of its distribution is inferior to that of the generic, thus negating the previous consensus on the most basic forms of expression of Chinese generic nomenclature; 3) syntactic and semantic analysis mainly deals with the matching of the referential meaning of the subject predicate, in which the action verb can match with the generic component because of the subjectivization and the decrease of the referential meaning, and the binding force of the verb on the argument decreases. The change of the whole sentence form is reduced. The cognitive research method used in this paper fundamentally explains the problem of counterexample tolerance, and the explanation of the rationale of "this" and "I" of generality and the analysis of syntactic and semantic restrictions from simple descriptive analysis to interpretative study.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
[Abstract]:The study of generic finger began in the 1970 s, and there is no unified conclusion. The mainstream of linguistic research is the semantic analysis of logic and structural form, but it is impossible to explain counterexample tolerance in essence because of neglecting the relationship between concepts and thinking. This paper attempts to study this problem on the basis of cognitive theory. There are two kinds of atypical generic expressions in Chinese: "this BCN" and "one quantity name" construction, which are discussed in a piecemeal way, so it is necessary to make an explanatory study on them. At present, there are very few syntactic and semantic restrictions on syntactic and semantic constraints of generic sentences. This paper tries to make some efforts in this respect. Under the framework of hierarchical hypothesis and subjectivization theory, this paper mainly draws the following three conclusions: 1) the counterexample tolerance of the generic sentence of characteristic class is the result of cognitive reasoning triggered by the hierarchical psychological model. The choice of consensus model is decided by the whole cognitive domain of sentence structure. The counterexample is essentially independent of "quantity" and "2) generality", which "comes from the demonstrative word" identity "and" situational use ". The topic meaning is very obvious. It is mainly used to emphasize personal subjective belief and attitude, accompanied by obvious emotion and cognitive subjectivity in the process of grammaticalization, the generality "one" is applicable to the context where the individual preaches universal truth, the propositional meaning is weaker than BCN, and the subjectivity is stronger. The incompatibility between the generality and the test frame of generality determines that the scope of its distribution is inferior to that of the generic, thus negating the previous consensus on the most basic forms of expression of Chinese generic nomenclature; 3) syntactic and semantic analysis mainly deals with the matching of the referential meaning of the subject predicate, in which the action verb can match with the generic component because of the subjectivization and the decrease of the referential meaning, and the binding force of the verb on the argument decreases. The change of the whole sentence form is reduced. The cognitive research method used in this paper fundamentally explains the problem of counterexample tolerance, and the explanation of the rationale of "this" and "I" of generality and the analysis of syntactic and semantic restrictions from simple descriptive analysis to interpretative study.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
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