重叠状态式A里AB的比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 09:18

【摘要】：重叠状态式A里AB和AABB之间存在诸多共性，表现在以下几个方面：一是基式需满足下列各条，语义上，基式往往要有消极意味；结构上，基式一般是只有一个语素的单纯词（包括叠韵及非叠韵联绵词）；语体上，书面语体中文学色彩及其文言色彩较浓的词语不能进入A里AB式，一般口语中常用的词容易进入该格式；语音上，基式的末音节往往要是轻声。二是从语义与形式联系来看，对于除了表动作的重叠状态式以及部分其他重叠状态式而言，，只要充当状语，大都经常形成语义异指现象；重叠状态式充当谓语和定语时，往往会形成语义同指关系；对于充当补语而言，表动作的摹人重叠状态式既可形成语义同指关系来说明动作状态，也可以形成语义异指关系来说明动作的结果，而对于其他的摹人重叠状态式、摹物重叠状态式以及可摹人摹物重叠状态式而言，一般形成的都是语义异指关系。重叠状态式充当状语主要表主体进行某种动作行为时的评价性伴随状态，充当谓语和定语时表达事物本身的状态，充当补语或者是描述动作结果所产生的状态或者是描述动作伴随状态。三是重叠状态式有时并不表说话人不赞赏或嫌憎的态度，这是重叠状态式的临时语用义，而且这种临时语用义有着一定的规律性。重叠状态式A里AB的消极或否定程度要强于AABB，这主要归因于该A里AB格式和“里”的共同作用。正因此，重叠状态式A里AB融入了说话人更多的自我的印记，主观性较明显，这从语感和实际语料中可以反映出来。这种主观性的不同，使得两种重叠形式有着不同的语境适切度，即A里AB最倾向于言者对其所描述对象或动作行为的较明显的不赞赏、否定评价，而AABB则更倾向于使用在不适宜过重地表现不认可评价的语境条件中。在整体使用频率上，A里AB充当补语和谓语的使用频率远远超过AABB式，定语位置使用频率也要高于AABB式，而AABB式充当状语的使用频率要远高于A里AB式。这种倾向性用频归因于重叠状态式的主观性同句法位置之间的关联，也与AABB的静态描摹性有关。两种重叠式在表达功能上也有所区别，表现在：A里AB比AABB更具形象性和生动性；AABB比A里AB更侧重静态描摹性。重叠状态式A里AB的使用频率总的来说远远低于AABB式，这与两者的历史发展和AABB本身的强势作用有关；此外，A里AB之所以能够与AABB共同存在于共时系统之中，是在于A里AB自身的较显著的主观情态义，这种较显著的主观性有利于说话人追求言语表达的精细化、明晰化。文章也分析了一个个案，即“马马虎虎”的构词化和“马里马虎”的构词化制约。构词化“马马虎虎”是由构形化的“马马虎虎”语义演变而来，动因和机制分别是语用推理和重新分析，这种构词化产生了以下后果：一是专表评估义；二是逐渐脱落后缀“的”；三是单独回答问题。构词化的“马马虎虎”情态功能明显，表人际意义，主观性要高于构形化的“马马虎虎”。此外，“马里马虎”没有走上构词化的道路一个重要原因就是用频太低，这使得认知主体很难从大脑中提取出来，几乎不可能产生语义和语法上的变异。文章最后比较了“A里A气”式与重叠状态式A里AB之间的差异，表现在：“A里A气”式2已经固化为了词语模；“A里A气”成分限制与重叠状态式A里AB也不尽相同；“A里A气”式在语义指向和句位特征上也有一定独特性。
[Abstract]:There are many commonalities between AB and ABB in reduplicated form A, which are manifested in the following aspects: firstly, the basic form needs to satisfy the following items; semantically, the basic form often has negative meanings; structurally, the basic form is usually a simple word with only one morpheme (including reduplicated and non-reduplicated rhyme words); stylistically, literary colors and their texts in written form The words with strong colors can not enter the "A" type AB, and the words commonly used in spoken English are easy to enter the "A" type AB. In pronunciation, the final syllables of the basic type are often soft. Second, from the semantic and formal connection, as far as the overlapping state of the action and some other overlapping state forms are concerned, most of them are often formed as adverbials. Semantic heterodoxy phenomena; reduplicative states often form semantic homology when they act as predicates and determinants; for complements, the analogous overlapping states of action can form both semantic homology to explain action states and semantic heterodoxy relations to explain action results, while for other analogical overlapping forms of action As far as modality, reduplicative state and reduplicative state of portrayal are concerned, they generally form semantic heteronymous relations. Thirdly, the overlapping state sometimes does not indicate the speaker's attitude of admiration or disgust, which is the temporary pragmatic meaning of the overlapping state, and this temporary pragmatic meaning has certain regularity.
The negative or negative degree of AB in overlapping state A is stronger than that of AABB, which is mainly attributed to the interaction of AB and "Li" in overlapping state A. Therefore, AB in overlapping state A incorporates the speaker's more self-imprint, and its subjectivity is obvious, which can be reflected from the language sense and the actual corpus. The overlapping forms have different contextual appropriateness, that is, AB in A tends to be the most appreciative and negative appraisal of the object or action described by the speaker, while AABB tends to be used in the context of inappropriate overexpression of unacceptable appraisal. This tendency is attributed to the correlation between the subjectivity of the overlapping state and the syntactic position, as well as the static descriptiveness of the AABB.
The two overlapping forms also have some differences in expressive functions, as follows: AB in A is more vivid and vivid than AABB; and AB in AABB is more static descriptive than AB in A.
In general, the frequency of AB in overlapping state A is much lower than that in AABB, which is related to the historical development of both and the strong role of AABB itself. In addition, the reason why AB in A can coexist with AABB in the synchronous system is that AB in A has its own distinct subjective modality, which is beneficial to the speaker. Pursue the refinement and clarity of speech expression.
This paper also analyzes a case, that is, the word formation of "careless" and the word formation of "Mali careless". The word formation of "careless" is evolved from the semantic formation of "careless". The motivation and mechanism are pragmatic reasoning and reanalysis, respectively. This word formation has the following consequences: First, a special evaluation of meaning. In addition, one of the important reasons why the word "Mali Tiger" has not embarked on the road of word formation is that it is difficult for the cognitive subject to use it too frequently. It is almost impossible to produce semantic and grammatical variations from the brain.
Finally, the paper compares the differences between "A Li Qi" and "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" and "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" and "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in "A Li Qi" in
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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