凤凰苗语鼻冠阻塞音的声学实验研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 09:26

【摘要】：鼻冠阻塞音的音段复杂性决定了它具有特殊的声学特征。本文从时长、清浊和基频三个角度探讨凤凰苗语鼻冠阻塞音的声学属性。在时长方面，我们关注的是鼻冠阻塞音与鼻音、阻塞音、NC辅音丛在时长上的差异，以及鼻冠阻塞音在词首和词中位置上的时长差异；在清浊问题上，主要考察凤凰苗语鼻冠阻塞音的清浊属性；在基频方面，分析鼻冠阻塞音对后接元音基频的影响。研究的主要结论有：第一，在词中位置上，鼻音，阻塞音，鼻冠阻塞音和NC辅音丛的时长存在差异，其时长大小为NC N#C C N，说明音段类型对辅音的时长具有显著性效应(F(3，162)=32.75，P.001)。词首和词中鼻冠阻塞音的时长存在差异：前者与NC辅音丛的时长相近，而后者的时长显著大于NC辅音丛的时长（P.05），说明词中位置上的鼻冠阻塞音不是一个典型的鼻冠阻塞音，它有变成辅音丛的趋势。第二，凤凰阿拉苗语中存在两套鼻冠阻塞音：浊不送气和清送气，依据是不送气音中的平均浊音杠比例远远超过50%，而送气音中的比例远远小于该值，说明鼻音后的不送气阻塞音发生浊化是一个较为普遍的语言现象。送气音和不送气音浊化程度不同的原因在于，发鼻音时的软腭动作和阻塞音的送气与否会共同作用于发阻塞音时的声门上下气压差，从而影响鼻冠阻塞音的清浊属性。第三，，相对于送气的清鼻冠阻塞音，不送气的浊鼻冠阻塞音对元音基频有降低作用。NCH的送气会抬高基频，而NC的浊化会降低基频。同时，与塞音相比，鼻冠阻塞音的后接元音基频更低（NCH CH, NC C），其排列顺序是CH NCHC NC。
[Abstract]:The complexity of nasal crown occlusion determines that it has special acoustic characteristics. In this paper, the acoustic properties of the nasal crown blocking sound in Phoenix Miao language are discussed from the aspects of duration, turbidity and fundamental frequency. In terms of length of time, we are concerned about the difference between nasal crown occlusion sound and nasal sound, blocking sound, NC consonant in length, as well as the length of time in the beginning and position of nasal crown blocking sound, and in the problem of clear turbidity. This paper mainly studies the turbid properties of the nasal crown occlusion sound in Phoenix Miao language, and analyzes the influence of the nasal crown occlusion sound on the base frequency of the posterior vowel sound. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: first, there are differences in the length of time between nasal, blocking, coronal and NC consonants in the position of words. Its duration is NC N#C C N, indicating that the segment type has a significant effect on the duration of consonant (F (3162) = 32.75% P.001). There is a difference between the duration of nasal crown occlusion and that of NC consonant, but the length of the latter is significantly longer than that of NC consonant (P.05), which indicates that the nasal crown occlusion in the position of the word is not a typical nasal coronal occlusion, but the length of the latter is much longer than that of the NC consonant (P.05). It tends to turn into consonants. Second, there are two sets of nasal crown blocking sounds in Phoenix Aramao language: turbid and clean, based on the fact that the average proportion of turbid bars in non-aspirated sounds far exceeds 50 percent, while the proportion of aspirated sounds is far less than this value. It shows that turbidization of non-aspirating blocking sound after nasal sounds is a common language phenomenon. The reason why the degree of turbid sound is different from that of non-aspirating sound is that the movement of soft palate and the exhalation of blocking sound will act on the difference of upper and lower pressure of glottis in the process of nasal occlusion, which will affect the turbid nature of nasal crown occlusion sound. Third, compared with the purging nasal crown occlusion sound, the turbid nasal crown occlusion sound without air supply can reduce the vowel fundamental frequency, while the turbid tone of NC will lower the fundamental frequency while the NCH aspirate will raise the fundamental frequency. At the same time, the base frequency of nasal coronal occlusion sound is lower than that of coronal occlusion sound, and the order is CH NCHC NC..
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H216

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