中文表达者的“沟通模式偏爱悖论”与“下情上达评价悖论”

发布时间：2018-10-16 22:14

【摘要】：文字概率表征是指用"可能"、"也许"、"不一定"等词汇或短语来表示事件发生的可能程度。研究者发现,英语表达者在接受信息时偏爱数字概率表征,在传递信息时反而偏爱文字概率表征,这种现象被称之为"沟通模式偏爱悖论"(Communication Mode Preference Paradox,CMPP)。本研究调查了说中文的大学生(N=356)和管理者(N=108)在"一般情境"和"天气预报情境"下的概率沟通偏好;并对"下情上达"情境下的四类管理者(两类"传声筒型"管理者:听取下级的文字概率信息并向上级汇报文字概率信息;听取下级的数字概率信息并向上级汇报数字概率信息。以及两类"信息转化型"管理者:听取下级的文字概率信息却向上级汇报数字概率信息;听取下级的数字概率信息却向上级汇报文字概率信息)作了评判。其结果发现:(1)在"一般情境"和"天气预报情境"下,说中文的被调查者不仅也普遍存在CMPP现象,而且发生该现象的比例显著地高于说英语的被调查者;(2)另一类沟通悖论:同样面对忠实的"传声筒型"管理者,被调查者认同数字概率"传声筒"、而不认同文字概率"传声筒";同样面对权变的"信息转化型"管理者,被调查者认同将数字转化成文字概率的管理者、而不认同将文字转化成数字概率的管理者;(3)这两类悖论既产生于管理学院的大学生之中也产生于中层管理者之中。我们将新发现的这种沟通悖论称之为"下情上达评价悖论"(Communication Performance Assessment Paradox,CPAP),并对发现这两种悖论的理论和实际意义作了讨论。
[Abstract]:Word probability representation refers to words or phrases such as "possible", "maybe" and "not necessarily" to indicate the probability of an event. The researchers found that English speakers prefer numerical representation when they receive information and word probability representation when they transmit information. This phenomenon is called "communication mode preference paradox" (Communication Mode Preference Paradox,CMPP). This study investigated the probabilistic communication preferences of Chinese-speaking college students (NY356) and managers (NN108) under "general situation" and "weather forecast situation". And four types of managers (two types of "voice tube" managers: listen to the lower level of the text probability information and report the word probability information to the higher level; Listen to the lower level of digital probability information and report to the superior digital probability information. And two types of "information transformation" managers: listening to the lower level of the text probability information but reporting to the higher level of digital probability information; listening to the lower level of the digital probability information but reporting the word probability information to the higher level to make a judgment. The results showed that: (1) under "general situation" and "weather forecast situation", not only did the Chinese speaking respondents have CMPP phenomenon, Moreover, the incidence of this phenomenon was significantly higher than that of the English-speaking respondents; (2) another type of communication paradox: also faced with loyal "microphone" managers, The respondents agreed with the digital probability of the "microphone", but not with the word probability of the "microphone"; also faced with the contingency of the "information transformation" manager, the respondents agreed with the manager who converted the number into the word probability. But they do not agree with the managers who transform words into numbers; (3) the two kinds of paradoxes arise not only among the college students but also among the middle managers. We call the newly discovered communication paradox "(Communication Performance Assessment Paradox,CPAP", and discuss the theoretical and practical significance of discovering these two paradoxes.
【作者单位】：中国科学院心理研究所;福州大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-R-130) 国家自然科学基金项目(70871110) 教育部高校博士生到中科院访学资助项目[教研司(2005)33号] 中国科学院研究生院BHP Billiton奖学金
【分类号】：H15

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