新兴被字结构的句法研究
发布时间：2018-10-30 07:54
【摘要】：汉语的“被”字句是汉语的特色之一。2009年网络话语“被自杀”产生后,“被就业”、“被自愿”、“被小康”这类新颖、简洁的新兴被字结构组成的词语得到网民的广泛认可,有日益泛化的趋势。新兴被字结构已经成为一个高频使用的能产性新兴构式。 有趣的是,新兴被字结构中的“被”字后面连接的词语可以是自主动词、名词、形容词、及物动词等,与传统的被字结构大不相同,其中的“被”字后面的位置已经成为一个相对自由的句法位置。 新兴被子结构已经引起诸多学者的关注,并且已经有很多学者从不同角度进行研究,如历时角度(冯地云2010),逻辑学角度(段益民2010),社会学角度(刘红妮2010),语义学角度(刘杰、邵敬敏2010),语用学角度(傅开平、彭吉军2009),句法学角度(刘杰、邵敬敏2010)等。但是对于新兴被字结构,从句法学角度的研究还不完善,本文将从句法学角度着手,进一步探讨其句法生成过程。 在探讨新兴被字结构的句法生成过程之前,本文还回顾了传统被字句中“被”字的句法地位和长短被字句的句法生成过程。“被”字的轻动词说更为合理。 本文以乔姆斯基《最简方案》中的合并、移位和特征核查为理论基础,探讨了新兴被字结构的句法生成过程,这个过程可以分三步。 第一步：施事者+自主动词/名词/形容词/非自主动词。在这个结构当中的名词和形容词都发生使役化,活用作动词,参与句法运算。 第二步：施事者+使+受事者+自主动词/名词/形容词/非自主动词。新兴被字结构产生的背景是有一个外力,这个外力使用非正常的手段,使动作的施事者“被逼、被认为、被说成”执行了后面的行为。而自主动词从语义上说是能表示有意识的或有心的动作行为的(马庆珠1988),如果直接把自主动词用在这里就会产生矛盾。所以第二部在第一步的基础上增加了外力即真正施事者和动词“使”,让其表达意义更接近新兴被子结构所隐含的意义。作者发现,这个过程生成的句子结构是汉语中的兼语式结构,其句子成分和生成过程与英语的SVOC结构句型类似,并对两者的句法生成过程进行了对比研究。 第三步：受事者+被+自主动词/名词/形容词/非自主动词。作者发现,英语SVOC的被动式和兼语式的被动式类似,并推导了兼语式的被动式的生成过程。兼语式中的被动意义由“被”字来承担,相当于英语被动式中的-en,但“被”不是附着语素,而是用作轻动词。当被动式中加入“被”字,其后的动词相当于英语中的动词的过去分词,失去了为后面宾语赋格和为主语赋题元角色的能力,使得原句宾语必须移位满足格特征核查。而在汉语中,因为一个句子不能既表示主动又表示被动,所以在生成被动式的过程中,“被”和“使”不会同时出现,“使”字被删除。经过合并、移位和删除的句法运算,生成新兴的被字结构。
[Abstract]:"Bei" is one of the features of the Chinese language. After the Internet discourse "suicide" came into being in 2009, it was novel, such as "being employed", "being willing", "being well-off" and so on. The simple and new words composed of word structure are widely accepted by netizens, and have a trend of generalization day by day. Emerging quad structure has become a productive emerging construction used in high frequency. Interestingly, the words attached to the word "be" in the new structure can be autonomous verbs, nouns, adjectives, transitive verbs, etc., which are quite different from the traditional structure of the quad. The position behind the word "be" has become a relatively free syntactic position. The new quilt structure has attracted the attention of many scholars, and many scholars have studied it from different angles, such as diachronic angle (Feng Diyun 2010), logic angle (Duan Yimin 2010), sociology angle (Liu Hongnie 2010). Semantics angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010), pragmatics angle (Fu Kaiping, Peng Jijun 2009), syntactic angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010) and so on. However, the research on the new quad structure is not perfect, so this paper discusses the syntactic formation process of clause jurisprudence. This paper also reviews the syntactic status of "Bei" and the syntactic generation process of long and long quad sentences in the traditional Bei sentence before discussing the syntactic generation process of the emerging quad structure. The light verb of the word "be" is more reasonable. Based on the theory of merging, shifting and feature checking in Chomsky's Minimalist Scheme, this paper discusses the syntactic generation process of emerging quad structures, which can be divided into three steps. Step 1: the doer's autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. Nouns and adjectives in this structure are causative, used as verbs, and participate in syntactic operations. Step 2: the doer makes the subject autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. The background of the emerging word structure is an external force that uses abnormal means to force the agent of the action to be "forced, considered, and said to have carried out the latter act." On the other hand, autonomous verbs are semantically capable of expressing conscious or intentional action (Ma Qingzhu 1988), and there will be contradictions if the autonomous verbs are directly used here. Therefore, the second part adds the external force, that is, the real agent and the verb "make" on the basis of the first step, so that the meaning of the expression is closer to the implied meaning of the new quilt structure. The author finds that the sentence structure generated by this process is a syntactic structure in Chinese, and its sentence composition and generating process are similar to those of the SVOC structure in English, and a comparative study is made on the syntactic generation process of the two sentences. Step 3: the subject is subjected to autonomous verbs / nouns / adjectives / non-autonomous verbs. The author finds that the passive form of English SVOC is similar to the passive form of concurrent language, and deduces the generating process of passive form of concurrent language. The passive meaning in the paraphrase is assumed by the word "be", which is equivalent to-en, but is not attached morpheme, but is used as a light verb. When the word "be" is added in the passive form, the following verb is equivalent to the past participle of the verb in English, which loses the ability to fugue the following object and assign the subject to the role of the subject, so that the object of the original sentence must be shifted to satisfy the check of the case characteristics. In Chinese, because a sentence can not be both active and passive, in the process of generating passive form, "be" and "make" do not appear at the same time, and the word "make" is deleted. Through the syntactic operation of merging, shifting and deleting, the emerging quad structure is generated.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2299403
[Abstract]:"Bei" is one of the features of the Chinese language. After the Internet discourse "suicide" came into being in 2009, it was novel, such as "being employed", "being willing", "being well-off" and so on. The simple and new words composed of word structure are widely accepted by netizens, and have a trend of generalization day by day. Emerging quad structure has become a productive emerging construction used in high frequency. Interestingly, the words attached to the word "be" in the new structure can be autonomous verbs, nouns, adjectives, transitive verbs, etc., which are quite different from the traditional structure of the quad. The position behind the word "be" has become a relatively free syntactic position. The new quilt structure has attracted the attention of many scholars, and many scholars have studied it from different angles, such as diachronic angle (Feng Diyun 2010), logic angle (Duan Yimin 2010), sociology angle (Liu Hongnie 2010). Semantics angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010), pragmatics angle (Fu Kaiping, Peng Jijun 2009), syntactic angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010) and so on. However, the research on the new quad structure is not perfect, so this paper discusses the syntactic formation process of clause jurisprudence. This paper also reviews the syntactic status of "Bei" and the syntactic generation process of long and long quad sentences in the traditional Bei sentence before discussing the syntactic generation process of the emerging quad structure. The light verb of the word "be" is more reasonable. Based on the theory of merging, shifting and feature checking in Chomsky's Minimalist Scheme, this paper discusses the syntactic generation process of emerging quad structures, which can be divided into three steps. Step 1: the doer's autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. Nouns and adjectives in this structure are causative, used as verbs, and participate in syntactic operations. Step 2: the doer makes the subject autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. The background of the emerging word structure is an external force that uses abnormal means to force the agent of the action to be "forced, considered, and said to have carried out the latter act." On the other hand, autonomous verbs are semantically capable of expressing conscious or intentional action (Ma Qingzhu 1988), and there will be contradictions if the autonomous verbs are directly used here. Therefore, the second part adds the external force, that is, the real agent and the verb "make" on the basis of the first step, so that the meaning of the expression is closer to the implied meaning of the new quilt structure. The author finds that the sentence structure generated by this process is a syntactic structure in Chinese, and its sentence composition and generating process are similar to those of the SVOC structure in English, and a comparative study is made on the syntactic generation process of the two sentences. Step 3: the subject is subjected to autonomous verbs / nouns / adjectives / non-autonomous verbs. The author finds that the passive form of English SVOC is similar to the passive form of concurrent language, and deduces the generating process of passive form of concurrent language. The passive meaning in the paraphrase is assumed by the word "be", which is equivalent to-en, but is not attached morpheme, but is used as a light verb. When the word "be" is added in the passive form, the following verb is equivalent to the past participle of the verb in English, which loses the ability to fugue the following object and assign the subject to the role of the subject, so that the object of the original sentence must be shifted to satisfy the check of the case characteristics. In Chinese, because a sentence can not be both active and passive, in the process of generating passive form, "be" and "make" do not appear at the same time, and the word "make" is deleted. Through the syntactic operation of merging, shifting and deleting, the emerging quad structure is generated.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
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