言语幽默跨文化传播的认知探究

发布时间：2018-11-03 18:57

【摘要】：作为一种重要的艺术形式和人际交往方式，幽默普遍存在于社会生活。随着各国文化交流的日益频繁，幽默的跨文化传播势在必行。幽默往往蕴含了丰富的文化内涵，因此，它不仅是一种语言概念，更是一种文化现象。古往今来，有关幽默的研究汗牛充栋，然而针对幽默的跨文化理解和传播所进行的研究并不多见。因此，本文借助文化图式理论和最佳新奇假设理论，拟从认知和文化的角度探究异域幽默的解读和传播问题。文化图式是指人脑通过先前的经验存储的一种关于文化的知识结构块，该图式一旦被激活，可以用来感知和理解人类社会中的各种文化现象。不同的文化群体会形成各自不同的文化图式。由于人类拥有一些共同的认知和心理机制，因此他们对于一些事物享有共同的体会和认识；通过累计这些共同的认识，不同文化群体拥有的文化图示形成了互相对应的部分。然而，不同的民族在许多方面又都拥有各自的特色，这就导致了他们对同一事物可能拥有不同的理解，这些不同的理解就构成了其各自文化图式中相互矛盾的部分。同时，不同文化群体各自特有的文化内容又导致了它们文化图式中存在相互缺失的部分。通过英汉文化图式间的对比，本文将对异域幽默理解有重要作用的文化图式划分为四种不同的类型（相互对应的图式、部分对应的图式、相互矛盾的图式和缺失的图式）并运用大量英汉幽默例子对其进行了阐释。幽默的成功解读需要幽默的创作者和接收者享有相同的文化图式，这样才能使接收者通过激活相应的图式部分来识别并填补缺失的文化信息。也就是说，对应的文化图式在恰当的时机被成功的激活才能保证幽默的成功解读。同时，根据最佳新奇假设，愉悦感只有在最佳新奇实现的时候才能被体会到，也就是说，接收者必须能识别出某一刺激的新奇性，同时又能完成与该刺激相关的熟悉性的自动回溯。文化图式和最佳新奇共同对幽默的解读做出了解释。一旦幽默中包涵了另一文化群体无法理解或无法正确理解的文化内涵时，该幽默将无法被异域欣赏者所理解。理解英汉言语幽默各自所需的文化图式中相互矛盾和空缺的部分导致了彼此幽默异域解读的失败，因此，文化专属类幽默构成了解读异域幽默的主要障碍。为解决这一问题，本研究提出了相应的对策：提升跨文化图式的意识、累积其他文化群体的文化图式知识以及在欣赏异域幽默时保持宽容的心态。全文分为六章。第一章概括说明了本研究的意义和研究框架。第二章介绍了前人对幽默所做的相关研究，，并指出其存在的不足。第三章提出了本研究的理论基础：文化图式理论和最佳新奇假设，并指出本文采用的主要研究方法。第四、五两章是本文论述的重点。旨在对解读英汉言语幽默各自所需的文化图式进行比较分析，并将其划分为四种类型，即相互对应的图式、部分对应的图式、相互矛盾的图式和缺失的图式。其中相互矛盾和空缺的图式构成了各自幽默异域解读的主要障碍。这是因为幽默的解读需要在恰当的时刻完成相应文化图式的激活；同时，愉悦感的获得需要最佳新奇的实现，即识别出某一刺激所含的新奇性并完成与该刺激相关的熟悉性的自动回溯。最后，为应对这一障碍，作者提出了相应的解决策略。第六章是全文的总结，归纳出本研究的主要发现、启示和存在的不足，以期丰富幽默的跨文化研究并对促进异域幽默的解读和传播作出贡献。
[Abstract]:As an important form of art and interpersonal communication, humor prevails in social life. With the increasingly frequent exchange of countries, the cross-cultural communication of humor is imperative. Humor often contains rich cultural connotation, so it is not only a language concept, but also a cultural phenomenon. However, the study on humor in intercultural understanding and communication does not Therefore, with the aid of cultural schema theory and best novel hypothesis theory, this paper intends to explore the interpretation and dissemination of humor humor from the perspective of cognition and culture. "Problem. A cultural schema refers to a knowledge structure of a culture that is stored by the human brain through previous experience. Once activated, it can be used to sense and understand each of the human societies." A cultural phenomenon. Different cultural groups can form different cultures. Because human beings have some common cognition and psychological mechanism, they enjoy common experience and cognition for some things; by integrating these common understandings, the cultural icons owned by different cultural groups form each other. However, different nationalities have their own characteristics in many ways, which leads to the possibility that they have different understandings of the same thing, and these different understandings form each other in their respective cultural patterns At the same time, the unique cultural contents of different cultural groups have led to the existence of each other in their cultural schema. Through the comparison between English and Chinese cultural schemata, this paper divides the cultural schema which plays an important role in the understanding of humor understanding into four different types (schema and part corresponding to each other). the corresponding schema, conflicting schema, and missing schema) and applying a large number of English and Chinese humorous examples to it The successful interpretation of humor requires the author and receiver of humor to enjoy the same cultural schema so that the receiver can identify and fill out by activating the corresponding schema part. Lack of cultural information. That is to say, the corresponding cultural schema is successfully activated at the right time. The successful interpretation of forensic humor. At the same time, according to the best novel hypothesis, the sense of pleasure can only be realized at the time of the best novel realization, that is, the receiver must be able to identify the novelty of a stimulus, and at the same time be able to complete the stimulation related to the stimulus. Familiarity with automatic backtracking. Cultural schemata and best novel common sense of humor When humor includes the cultural connotation that another cultural group can't understand or understand correctly, the humor will It is impossible to understand and understand each other in the cultural schema necessary for understanding English and Chinese speech humor, which leads to a failure to interpret each other's humor. Therefore, the culture-specific humor is composed of humor. In order to solve this problem, this study puts forward corresponding countermeasures: to promote the consciousness of cross-cultural schema, to accumulate the cultural schema knowledge of other cultural groups and to appreciate the difference. Keep a wide range of humor in the domain A state of mind. The full text is divided into six chapters. Chapter II introduces the significance and research framework of this study. Chapter 3 puts forward the theoretical basis of this study: cultural schema theory. The theory and the best novel hypothesis, and point out this text mining The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the cultural schema required by English and Chinese speech humor, and divide it into four types, that is, each other. the drawings, parts corresponding to the drawings, conflicting figures, and missing figures. It is because the interpretation of humor needs to complete the activation of the corresponding cultural schema at the right moment. At the same time, the realization of the pleasant feeling needs the best novel realization, that is, the recognition of a certain one. To stimulate the novelty and complete the familiarity with the stimulus. Finally, in order to deal with this obstacle, the author puts forward the corresponding solving strategy. Chapter 6 is the summary of the whole thesis, and concludes the main findings, revelation and deficiencies of this study.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H13

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