《醒世姻缘传》量词研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 13:42

【摘要】：丰富的量词是汉语的重要特点之一,量词的研究对于汉语语法史的研究有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。《醒世姻缘传》的口语化程度高,语言信息含量大,且方言色彩浓厚,因此具有极高的研究价值。较之以前的研究,本文的创新点主要有以下几点：第一,在研究《醒》名量词时,主要采用动态的描写方法,并以一定的认知语言学理论为基础,以量词和名词组合时的语义组合特征为标准,对量词进行了重新分类,主要分为一下三类：一类是以语义场为语义组合特征与名词建立联系的量词,即同义关联类量词；第二类是以凸显特征为语义组合特征建立联系的量词,主要有形状类量词、特征替代类量词和特征指代类量词三种；第三类是以外部联想为语义组合特征与名词建立联系的量词,其又分为动作使成类量词、约定概括类量词和容器处所类量词。除此之外,还有两类量词,一类是附着类量词,一类是是泛用量词。这样的量词分类对研究《醒》中量词的语义特征以及量词与名词之间的搭配规律具有一定的价值。第二,对《醒》中的动量词的研究,主要是将动量词分为计数动量词、计时动量词和借用动量词三类来进行动态描写,分析和揭示《醒》中动量词的演变过程,以及动词与动量词之间的双向选择规律。第三,将明代量词与元代量词进行了历时比较,在演变过程中,明代量词的变化主要有四点：一是在明代产生了部分新量词,如“拨”、“筹”、“胎”等；二是部分旧量词退出了量词系统,如“须”、“槱”、“楹”等；三是与前代相比,部分量词与名词或动词的组配范围扩大,如“宗”、“号”、“躯”等；四是与前代相比,部分量词与名词或动词的组配范围缩小,如“品”、“角”、“拳”等。第四,从语义和认知的角度解释名、量词的搭配问题。本文对《醒》中部分量词的语义泛化程度进行了研究,并从认知学的角度,对语义演变发展的理据和规律进行分析解释,归纳和总结《醒》中量词的语义泛化程度和语义演变规律。
[Abstract]:The study of classifiers is one of the important characteristics of Chinese. The study of classifiers has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of the history of Chinese grammar. Therefore, it has very high research value. Compared with previous studies, the innovations of this paper are as follows: first, in the study of Noun classifiers, dynamic descriptive methods are adopted and based on certain cognitive linguistic theories. Based on the semantic combination characteristics of classifiers and nouns, the classifiers are reclassified into three categories: one is the classifier with semantic field as the semantic combination feature and the noun is related, that is, the synonymous relevance classifier; The second kind is the classifier which uses salient feature as semantic combination feature to establish relation, mainly includes shape classifier, feature substitute classifier and feature anaphora classifier. The third category is the classifier which is based on the semantic combination of external association and the noun, which is divided into action classifier, general classifier and container locale classifier. In addition, there are two kinds of classifiers, one is attached classifier, the other is universal classifier. The classification of classifiers has certain value in studying the semantic characteristics of classifiers and the collocation rules between classifiers and nouns. Secondly, the research on momentum words in "waking up" is mainly to divide the verb quantifiers into three categories: counting momentum words, timing momentum words and borrowing moving quantifiers to describe dynamically, and to analyze and reveal the evolution process of momentum words in "wake up". And the law of bidirectional choice between verbs and quantifiers. Thirdly, the metering words of Ming Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty have been compared diachronically. In the process of evolution, there are four main points in the change of quantifiers in Ming Dynasty: first, some new quantifiers are produced in Ming Dynasty, such as "dial", "chip", "fetus" and so on; Second, some old classifiers quit the classifier system, such as "Xu", "Wu", "Jacaranda", etc. Third, compared with the previous generation, some classifiers and nouns or verbs, such as "Zong", "number", "body" and so on; Fourth, compared with the previous generation, some quantifiers and nouns or verbs, such as "goods", "angle", "boxing" and so on. Fourthly, it explains the collocation of names and classifiers from the perspective of semantics and cognition. This paper studies the semantic generalization of some quantifiers in "wake up", and from the perspective of cognitive science, analyzes and explains the motivation and rules of semantic evolution and development. Induces and summarizes the semantic generalization degree and semantic evolution law of quantifiers in waking up.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【相似文献】