《齐民要术》句法研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 12:50

【摘要】：本文首先对《齐民要术》的总体句法特征做了简单的概括。结构方面，无主句大量运用时本文献的一大特点。另外，动词和量词非常丰富而且使用频率极高。句式方面，在句型的选择上，，贾氏多用陈述句，几乎没有疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。贾氏多用短句，句子大多短小精炼。《齐民要术》中动补式非常丰富。第一节讨论了动结式动补结构，在《要术》中动结式根据句子中宾语（O）的有无和宾语出现的位置，可以分为三类：“V+JC”、“V+JC+O”、“V+O+JC”三类。第二节分析了动相补语，在《要术》中充任动相补语的词有“讫”、“毕”、“竟”三个，没有发现“已”、“了”、“后”的例子。有“V+VC”和“V+O+VC”两种格式。《要术》中的动相补语由介于虚实的动词充当，表示动作的完成状态，也可以看成是状态补语类。第三节是动趋式，《要术》中用作补语的趋向动词只有三个：“去”、“出”、“下”。第四节研究了“vt令vi”和“vt使vi”，中古文献出现这两种格式最多最频繁的文献是《齐民要术》。该书多使用下面三种使成式的格式：Vt+令+vi(如“晒令干”)、Vt+O+令+vi(如“熬油令香”)、Vt+使+vi(如“捣使熟”)。最后是数量补语和处所补语，《要术》中数量结构做补语，以“数词+名量词”为主，“数词+动量词”也有出现。
[Abstract]:This article first makes a simple summary of the overall syntactic features of Qi Min Yao Shu. In terms of structure, it is a major feature of this literature when the subject sentence is used in large quantities. In addition, verbs and quantifiers are very rich and frequently used. In the aspect of sentence structure, the choice of sentence pattern is more often used as declarative sentence, almost no interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and exclamation sentence. Jaap often uses short sentences, most of which are short and short. Qimin important skill in the movement-complement type is very rich. In the first section, the verb-conjunctive verb-complement structure is discussed. According to the existence of object (O) and the position of object in sentence, it can be divided into three types: "V JC", "V JC O" and "V O JC". In the second section, we analyze the verb complement. The three words are "Ji", "Bi" and "Jing", but no examples of "already", "after" are found. There are two forms of "V VC" and "V O VC". The verb complement in "want to do" is used as a verb between the real and the virtual, which indicates the complete state of the action and can also be regarded as a class of state complements. In the third section, there are only three directional verbs used as complements: "go", "out", "under". In the fourth section, the author studies "vt making vi" and "vt making vi". The two most frequently appeared documents in the middle ancient literature are "Qi Min Yao Shu". The book uses three formative formats: Vt makes vi (for example, "make dry"), Vt O make vi (e.g. "boil oil makes vi"), Vt make vi (E. g. "tamping"). Finally, the quantity complement and the place complement, the quantity structure is used as the complement, mainly "numeral name classifier", "numeral verb quantifier" also appears.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

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