汉语本族语者和德语本族语者加工汉语被字句的认知神经模式对比—一项ERP研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 10:11

【摘要】：近年来围绕着句法加工和语义加工的关系问题，心理语言学界主要存在两大对立学说：模块-句法优先说和交互并行说之下的语义中心说。前者多以形合语言德语为例，后者则主要以意合语言汉语为据。鉴于被动句结构在汉、德语具有可比性，而已有的事件相关电位（ERP）研究鲜有探讨汉语被字句，本文通过对比汉语一语和德语背景的二语被试加工汉语长被字句的心理加工过程和认知神经基础，旨在进一步区分两大学说，并深入探讨二语加工模式是否与母语者同源，二语加工受到哪些因素的影响等问题。本研究共分为两个实验，均采用时间精度高的ERP研究手段，基于汉语长被字句NP1+BEI+NP2+Vt，通过操纵关键区动词，构成正确句、语义连贯性单违反、词类单违反、双违反四种条件。实验一考察了汉语母语者对于被字句的加工模式，研究发现，双违反条件诱发了明显的表征语义加工的N400效应，这些结果与句法优先说不符。实验二考察了汉语高级水平的德语背景留学生对汉语被字句的加工模式。实验结果显示，双违反条件下有波幅较小、出现较晚的N400效应；此外，后期持续性负波在每个违反条件下都存在。研究结果表明，德语本族语的二语学习者加工汉语的模式亦与绝对意义上的句法优先说不符。两项实验的数据综合表明，不同语言之间特征的差异，可能是造成语言加工机制差异的重要原因；水平较高的二语学习者有可能习得切合二语特征的加工策略，，虽然还在一定程度上受到母语加工策略的影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there are two main opposing theories in the field of psycholinguistics around the relationship between syntactic processing and semantic processing: the semantic center theory under the modular syntax preference theory and the interactive parallelism theory. The former takes German as an example, while the latter is mainly based on parataxis Chinese. In view of the comparability of passive sentence structure in Chinese and German, there is little discussion on Chinese quad sentence in existing event-related potential (ERP) studies. By comparing the psychological processing process and cognitive neural basis of long quilt sentences in Chinese and German background, this paper aims to further distinguish the two theories and further explore whether the processing mode of second language is the same as that of native speakers. Second language processing is affected by what factors and so on. This study is divided into two experiments, both of which use the ERP research method with high time precision. Based on the Chinese long quilt sentence NP1 BEI NP2 Vt, by manipulating the key area verbs, the correct sentence, the semantic coherence single violation, the part of speech single violation, and the part of speech single violation are formed. Double violation of four conditions. In the first experiment, we investigate the processing patterns of Chinese native speakers. It is found that double violation induces the N400 effect of semantic processing, which is not consistent with the syntactic preference. Experiment two investigates the processing mode of Chinese quad sentences by foreign students with German background at Chinese advanced level. The experimental results show that the amplitude of N400 is smaller and the late N400 effect occurs under the condition of double violation, and the late persistent negative wave exists in every violation. The results show that the pattern of processing Chinese by native German L2 learners is not consistent with the absolute syntactic preference. The data of the two experiments show that the differences of language characteristics may be the important reasons for the differences in language processing mechanism. L2 learners with higher proficiency are likely to acquire processing strategies suited to L2 characteristics, although to some extent they are also influenced by mother tongue processing strategies.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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