吴语嘉定华亭话音韵研究

发布时间：2018-11-12 16:38

【摘要】：以往的方言调查往往偏重调查行政中心城镇，但边远乡村往往未能得到深入挖掘，而越是偏远的地区方言往往越是保守，一些古老的语言面貌越是保存得多，具有很大的发掘价值，位于上海市嘉定区东北角的华亭镇就属于这样的地区。就目前已公开的调查资料看，离华亭最近的方言点是宝山的霜草墩和罗店，以及嘉定县城，至今未见有关于嘉定华亭话的调查报告发表。于是笔者进行了实地调查，采用TFW田野调查软件进行录音记音，将采集回来的样本使用TFD方言处理系统进行整理分析。调查结果显示：嘉定华亭话有27个声母，45个韵母，6个声调。其声母具有塞音、塞擦音三分为清不送气音、清送气音和浊音的典型吴语特征，中古全浊声母今仍读浊音音值。韵母有元音韵母、鼻尾韵母、鼻化韵母、喉塞尾韵母四种，与中古音相比，鼻音韵尾只有一个?，入声韵尾全都合并为一个?。从中古来源看，其6个声调分别为阴平、阳平、阴去、阳去、阴入、阳入，其阴平、阳平、阴入、阳入分别对应于中古清声母平声字、浊声母平声字、清声母入声字、浊声母入声字，今阴去调包括中古的清声母上声字和清声母去声字，今阳去调包括中古的浊声母上声字和浊声母去声字。在声韵母配合特点上，比较突出的是：唇音、龈音声母和?声母只拼u韵母而不与其他合口呼韵母相拼；硬腭音声母不与任何合口呼韵母相拼；撮口呼韵母只有一个y，并且不与唇音、软腭音声母以及声母th、d、n、h相拼。此外，嘉定华亭话大约160余字有文白异读现象，文白两音主要表现在声韵母的差异上。与嘉定县城方言相比，最突出的差别在于寒韵端系字在嘉定华亭话中有系统的文白异读现象而在嘉定县城话中无文白异读。在与外方言的音系比较中，嘉定华亭话与北京话差别较大。声母方面与北京音基本为一对一关系的只有m-m和l-l，嘉定华亭话有一整套浊的塞音、塞擦音、擦音而北京话没有，北京话大体以同部位的清音与之对应。华亭的?、?h、s同时对应于北京的?、?h、s，t?、t?h、?和?、?h、?三组。韵母方面北京话的元音韵母既对应于华亭话的元音韵母也对应于喉塞韵。华亭话中有自成音节的鼻音而北京话没有，，北京话有舌尖后元音?而华亭话没有。此外，北京话的撮口呼种类比华亭话丰富。声调方面嘉定华亭话比北京话多两个声调，由于两者从古至今的声调分合规律不同，因而两地间的声调对应规律较为复杂。相比之下，嘉定华亭话与嘉定县城话的差别小很多，两者声母数量和类别完全一致，声调数量与调类也相同，只是阴去调值不同，主要在韵母方面还存在一定的差别。
[Abstract]:In the past, dialect surveys tended to focus on investigating administrative centers and towns, but remote villages and villages often failed to be excavated in depth, and the more remote regional dialects tended to be more conservative, the more ancient language features were preserved. With great excavation value, located in Shanghai Jiading District northeast corner of the town of Huating belong to such an area. As far as the investigation materials that have been made public, the nearest dialect points to Huating are Frost Caodun and Luodian in Baoshan, as well as Jiading County Town. So far, no investigation report on Hua Ting dialect in Jiading has been published. So the author carried out a field investigation, used TFW field investigation software to record the sound, collected samples using the TFD dialect processing system to sort out and analyze. The results show that there are 27 initials, 45 vowels and 6 tones in Hua Ting dialect of Jiading. Its consonant has stop-tone, and the three kinds of syllable are divided into three types: the purging sound, the purging sound and the turbid sound, and the middle ancient total turbid consonant still reads the turbid sound value. Vowel, nasal caudal vowel, nasal vowel, larynx vowel, nasal vowel vow From the source of the middle ancient times, the six tones are Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Yin go, Yang go, Yin in, Yang in, and Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Yin in, and Yang in respectively corresponding to the Middle Ancient Qing consonant's flat sound character, the turbid consonant's flat sound word, the Qing consonant's entering sound, respectively. Turbid consonant enters the Chinese characters, which include the middle ancient Qing consonants and the Qing consonants, and the present yang tones include the middle ancient turbid consonants and the turbid consonants. In the characteristics of rhyme and mother, the more prominent are: lip, gingival consonant and? The consonants only spell the vowels and do not match with the other conjunctive vowels; the hard palate consonants do not match the vowels of any mouthfuls; the vowels of the chaps have only one yand do not match with the lips, the soft palate consonants and the consonants th,d,n,h. In addition, there are about 160 characters in Huating dialect of Jiading. Compared with the county town dialect of Jiading, the most outstanding difference is that there is a systematic reading phenomenon in the Chinese dialect of Jiading Huating, but there is no different reading in the county town dialect of Jiading. In comparison with other dialects, Jiading Huating dialect and Beijing dialect are quite different. Only m-m and l-l have a one-to-one relationship between consonant and Beijing sound, and Jiading Huating dialect has a whole set of turbid stop-tone, syllable, erasure, and not Beijing dialect, and the Beijing dialect generally corresponds to the clear sound of the same location. Huating's,? hu? s also correspond to Beijing's? And? Three groups. The vowel of Beijing dialect corresponds to the vowel and throat rhyme of Huating dialect. Huating dialect has its own syllable nasal sound and Beijing dialect does not have Beijing dialect has the vowel of the tip of the tongue? Huating does not. In addition, the variety of Beijing dialect is richer than Huating dialect. There are two more tones in Jiading Huating dialect than in Beijing dialect. Because of the difference of the two tones from ancient to present, the corresponding law of tones between the two places is more complicated. In contrast, the difference between Jiading Huating dialect and Jiading County Town dialect is much smaller, the number and category of their initials are identical, the number of tones is the same with the category of tones, but the value of Yin detonation is different, mainly in the aspect of vowels.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H173

【参考文献】