长沙方言中的“着”研究
发布时间：2018-11-17 14:23
【摘要】：长沙方言属于湘语长益片,是湘语的典型代表,语音、词汇和语法等方面地方色彩浓厚。本文对长沙方言“着”进行了全面、细致的研究,力图准确、系统地描述长沙方言“着”的全貌,并将之与普通话以及其它方言“着”的用法进行了比较。论文首先对长沙方言的语音、词汇、语法特色进行概述,接下来将长沙方言“着”和普通话“着”进行了简单比较,特别是比较了他们做助词的情况,大致得出普通话“着”主要表持续,而长沙方言“着”不管是做时态助词、动态助词还是情态助词,都是表“继续”或“已然”。 绪论部分共分为三节,第一节为研究的目标和意义；第二节为研究的方法和步骤；第三节为相关文献综述。 第二章为长沙方言综述,是本论文研究的基础,共分为三节,第一节为长沙地理历史概况,第二节为长沙方言语音、词汇、语法简介,长沙方言包括声母23个,韵母40个,声调6个；词汇包括特殊用词和特殊结构,如用在动补间的“得”：懒得匀净,特殊词缀“子”：沙婆子；语法上通过虚词和语序为重要手段。 第三章为“着”在长沙方言中的语法功能,共有两节,第一节介绍了“着”的词性,详细阐述了“着”作动态助词、情态助词和语气助词时的主要用法和意义以及三者之间的联系。第二节介绍的是“着”常见的结构形式,主要有五种：动词+宾语+着；动词+补语+着；动词+宾语+补语+着；动词+着；名词+着。 第四章为“着”在长沙方言中体貌特征,具体有两种：继续和已然。第一节“着”作继续体时,表示两个动作接连发生,句子中一般有“先、等、暂时”等标记。第二节“着”已然体时,将还没有发生的事情和说话情形时比较,后面的动作虽然没发生,但是必然发生。 第五章侧重于“着”与长沙方言其他词的比较,第一节是“着”与其他动态助词比较,主要和“咖”、“哒”、“得”、“去来”、“起”、“到”等在意义和结构形式上比较。比如说与“咖”、“哒”相比时,前者侧重于表继续,后者侧重于表完成。与“哒”、“咖”相比时,“着”侧重于表“先”的意义,“哒”、“咖”侧重于表完结。第二节是“着”与其他语气词比较,主要与“Up”、“咧”、“啵”、“啊”、“吧”、哒”、“啦”比较。 第六章将长沙方言“着”与其他方言“着”进行比较。总体来说,南方方言“着”与长沙方言“着”有着相似性,北方方言“着”与长沙方言“着”在意义和用法上面差别就比较大。 第七章讲的是“着”的性质和来源,共三节,第一节讲“着”的不可或缺性,意思指“着”的存在不是可有可无的。第二节讲的是“着”的序列性,即“着”前后的动作是出现在一个时间序列里,动作先后发生。第三节讲的是长沙方言“着”的来源,本文认为“着”是由“再说”两个字合成的。
[Abstract]:Changsha dialect is a typical representative of Xiang dialect, which has strong local color in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. This paper makes a comprehensive and detailed study on the "zhuo" of Changsha dialect, and tries to describe the whole picture of "zhuo" accurately and systematically, and compares it with the usage of Putonghua and other dialects. This paper first summarizes the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of Changsha dialect, and then compares Changsha dialect with Mandarin dialect, especially their auxiliary words. It is generally concluded that the main expression of Putonghua "Zhe" is persistent, while the Changsha dialect "Zhe" is "continued" or "already" whether it is doing tense auxiliary, dynamic auxiliary or modal auxiliary. The introduction part is divided into three sections: the first section is the goal and significance of the research; the second section is the research methods and steps; the third section is the related literature review. The second chapter is a summary of Changsha dialect, which is the basis of this thesis. It is divided into three sections. The first section is a survey of Changsha geographical history, the second section is a brief introduction of Changsha dialect's pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Changsha dialect includes 23 initials and 40 vowels. 6 tones; Vocabulary includes special words and special structures, such as "get" used between verb and complement: lazy and neat, special affix "Zi": Sagitta; grammatically, function words and word order are important means. The third chapter is the grammatical function of "zhuo" in Changsha dialect, there are two sections. The first section introduces the part of speech of "zhuo", and expounds the dynamic auxiliary words of "zhuo" in detail The main usage and meaning of modal auxiliary and the relationship between them. The second section introduces the common structural forms of "zhe", there are five main types: verb object writing; verb complement writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; noun writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; noun writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; The fourth chapter is "Zhe" in Changsha dialect, there are two specific features: continue and already. In the first section, it means that two actions occur one after another, and the sentences are usually marked with "first, wait, temporary" and so on. In the second section, comparing what has not happened with the situation of speaking, the action behind it does not happen, but it must happen. The fifth chapter focuses on the comparison between "Zhe" and other words in Changsha dialect. The first section is "Zhe" compared with other dynamic auxiliary words, mainly "da", "de", "go to", "start". Comparison of meaning and structure between "to" and so on. For example, compared with "coffee" and "da", the former focuses on table continuation and the latter on table completion. Compared with "da" and "coffee", the author focuses on the meaning of "first", "da" and "coffee" focus on the end of the table. The second section is the comparison of "Zhe" with other modal words, mainly with "Up", "ear", "Boo", "ah", "Bah", "da", "La". Chapter six compares Changsha dialect "Zhe" with other dialects. Generally speaking, the southern dialect "Zhe" and the Changsha dialect "Zhe" have similarities, and the northern dialect "Zhe" and the Changsha dialect "Zhe" are quite different in meaning and usage. The seventh chapter deals with the nature and source of "Zhe", which consists of three sections. The first section deals with the essentiality of "Zhe", which means that the existence of "Zhe" is not dispensable. The second section is about the sequence of "Zhe", that is, the action before and after the "Zhe" appears in a time series, the action occurs successively. The third section is about the origin of Changsha dialect Zhe, which is composed of the word "say again".
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17
本文编号：2338107
[Abstract]:Changsha dialect is a typical representative of Xiang dialect, which has strong local color in phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects. This paper makes a comprehensive and detailed study on the "zhuo" of Changsha dialect, and tries to describe the whole picture of "zhuo" accurately and systematically, and compares it with the usage of Putonghua and other dialects. This paper first summarizes the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of Changsha dialect, and then compares Changsha dialect with Mandarin dialect, especially their auxiliary words. It is generally concluded that the main expression of Putonghua "Zhe" is persistent, while the Changsha dialect "Zhe" is "continued" or "already" whether it is doing tense auxiliary, dynamic auxiliary or modal auxiliary. The introduction part is divided into three sections: the first section is the goal and significance of the research; the second section is the research methods and steps; the third section is the related literature review. The second chapter is a summary of Changsha dialect, which is the basis of this thesis. It is divided into three sections. The first section is a survey of Changsha geographical history, the second section is a brief introduction of Changsha dialect's pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Changsha dialect includes 23 initials and 40 vowels. 6 tones; Vocabulary includes special words and special structures, such as "get" used between verb and complement: lazy and neat, special affix "Zi": Sagitta; grammatically, function words and word order are important means. The third chapter is the grammatical function of "zhuo" in Changsha dialect, there are two sections. The first section introduces the part of speech of "zhuo", and expounds the dynamic auxiliary words of "zhuo" in detail The main usage and meaning of modal auxiliary and the relationship between them. The second section introduces the common structural forms of "zhe", there are five main types: verb object writing; verb complement writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; noun writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; noun writing; verb object complement writing; verb writing; The fourth chapter is "Zhe" in Changsha dialect, there are two specific features: continue and already. In the first section, it means that two actions occur one after another, and the sentences are usually marked with "first, wait, temporary" and so on. In the second section, comparing what has not happened with the situation of speaking, the action behind it does not happen, but it must happen. The fifth chapter focuses on the comparison between "Zhe" and other words in Changsha dialect. The first section is "Zhe" compared with other dynamic auxiliary words, mainly "da", "de", "go to", "start". Comparison of meaning and structure between "to" and so on. For example, compared with "coffee" and "da", the former focuses on table continuation and the latter on table completion. Compared with "da" and "coffee", the author focuses on the meaning of "first", "da" and "coffee" focus on the end of the table. The second section is the comparison of "Zhe" with other modal words, mainly with "Up", "ear", "Boo", "ah", "Bah", "da", "La". Chapter six compares Changsha dialect "Zhe" with other dialects. Generally speaking, the southern dialect "Zhe" and the Changsha dialect "Zhe" have similarities, and the northern dialect "Zhe" and the Changsha dialect "Zhe" are quite different in meaning and usage. The seventh chapter deals with the nature and source of "Zhe", which consists of three sections. The first section deals with the essentiality of "Zhe", which means that the existence of "Zhe" is not dispensable. The second section is about the sequence of "Zhe", that is, the action before and after the "Zhe" appears in a time series, the action occurs successively. The third section is about the origin of Changsha dialect Zhe, which is composed of the word "say again".
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17
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