从框架语义学角度解读新“被XX”

发布时间：2018-11-20 05:18

【摘要】：近年来在网络与纸质媒体上流行的“被自杀”,“被就业”,“被离婚”等一大批新型“被XX”由于在句法上打破了传统被字句的限制,语义上内涵的丰富性以及表达上的高能产性得到了很多学者的关注。本研究旨在从框架语义学的角度,运用认知语言学的基本原理对其进行考察,总结出新型“被XX”的框架与产生机制,并在此背景上对其句法语义及语用上的特点进行系统阐释。首先,新“被XX”构成了自己的框架,在此框架内,三个核心框架元素构成特定互动关系,即B方由于A方引起的C事件(包含AB)受损,是这个框架的最基本特征。需要指出的是,这种受损可以是直接的,也可以是间接的,可以是精神上的,也可以是物质上的。从这个角度来考察,任何可以激活C事件的“XX”,无论什么词性,理论上都可以进入此构式。其次,新“被XX”的产生是框架压制的结果。框架压制的效果主要有两方面,一是压制不参与理解的框架元素,凸显出合适的ABC三个框架元素,另一方面是对ABC的互动关系进行压制,结果是使得A处于可以通过C导致B受损的状态。再次,我们在框架的基础上讨论了新“被XX”的歧义问题。新“被XX”可以表达A方声称B方进行了“XX”所表达的行为,然而这个行为可能是虚假或捏造的；或是表达A方迫使B方处于“XX”所表达的状态,有时甚至B方都不知情。我们认为,这种歧义主要是由于框架知识的规约性程度,及框架压制的过程引起的。语境可以帮助我们化解歧义。最后,我们探讨了“被XX”的限制并对其使用进行了大胆预测。第一,A方必须是有生命的人或组织；第二,对于那些已经构成典型传统被字句的“XX”部分以及那些在现有认知水平和背景下很难激活有意义事件的“XX”部分都很难形成“被XX”；第三,“XX”所表达的内容必须是跟人或组织的主观意志相关,或是值得被谣传的内容。我们据此预测,随着语言环境的变化和新“被XX”的发展,一些在现有认知水平和背景下不能被接受的“被XX”在未来可能被接受。并且随着“新XX”的接受程度不断增加,可能慢慢会作为传统被字句意义上的一个子分类,与其统一起来,而标志其“新”的引号,也会慢慢剥落。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of new "XX", such as "suicide", "being employed" and "being divorced", have been popular on the Internet and in the print media because they have broken the syntactic restrictions of the traditional words and phrases. The richness of semantic connotation and the high-energy productivity of expression have been paid much attention by many scholars. From the perspective of frame semantics, the purpose of this study is to use the basic principles of cognitive linguistics to investigate and summarize the framework and production mechanism of a new type of "XX". In this context, the syntactic and semantic and pragmatic characteristics are systematically explained. First of all, the new "XX" constitutes its own framework. In this framework, three core frame elements form a specific interactive relationship, that is, the C event (including AB) caused by side A is damaged, which is the most basic feature of this framework. It should be noted that the damage can be direct, indirect, spiritual or material. From this point of view, any "XX" that can activate C events, no matter what the part of speech, can theoretically enter this construction. Second, the emergence of the new "XX" is the result of the frame suppression. The effect of frame suppression has two aspects. One is to suppress the frame elements that do not participate in understanding, which highlights the appropriate three frame elements of ABC, and the other is to suppress the interaction of ABC. The result is that A is in a state where B can be damaged through C. Thirdly, we discuss the ambiguity of the new XX based on the framework. The new "by XX" can express the behavior of "XX" expressed by party A, but this behavior may be false or fabricated, or it may force party B to be in the state of expression of "XX", sometimes without the knowledge of party B. We believe that this ambiguity is mainly due to the extent of frame knowledge and the process of frame suppression. Context can help us to resolve ambiguity. Finally, we discuss the limitations of XX and make bold predictions about its use. First, party A must be a living person or organization; Secondly, it is difficult to form "XX" for the "XX" parts which have formed the typical traditional "XX" words and those "XX" parts which are difficult to activate meaningful events in the existing cognitive level and background. Third, "XX" must be related to the subjective will of a person or organization, or worthy of rumour. Based on this, we predict that with the change of language environment and the development of new "XX", some "XX" that can not be accepted under the existing cognitive level and background may be accepted in the future. And with the increasing acceptance of "new XX", it may gradually become a subcategory in the sense of traditional words and sentences and be unified with it, and the quotation marks marking its "new" will gradually flake off.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H136

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