从温州方言中的比较句到比喻句

发布时间：2018-11-20 17:10

【摘要】：比喻本质上是比较,比较句和比喻句是句法结构和修辞结构的关系,比喻句由比较句在修辞动因的作用下转化而来。温州方言比较句有平比句、强比句、弱比句、极比句四种类型,但其比较句和比喻句存在系统上的不对称:前三类在"借同解释"和"跨域等同"两个修辞动因促动下可以发展为比喻句,而极比句因为是在同一类事物内进行比较并且其中一个比较项是空泛的全体,故不能发展为比喻句。温州方言平比句的一个突出特点是,表示比较项关系的介词可以缺失,由此造成主比项和被比项的无句法并置。因此,温州方言的比喻句有两个特殊现象,一是本体和喻体可以无句法并置,二是本体、喻体可以分别由事物和事件交叉承担。当出现事物和事件交叉承担本体和喻体的情况时,其中的事物其实是在表达中缺省掉了述谓成分的事件,在理解时会积极恢复缺省的述谓性成分以与事件保持对等性。
[Abstract]:Metaphor is essentially a comparison, and comparative sentence and metaphorical sentence are the relationship between syntactic structure and rhetorical structure, which are transformed by comparative sentence under the influence of rhetorical motivation. There are four types of comparative sentences in Wenzhou dialect: plain, strong, weak and extreme. However, there are systemic asymmetries in the comparative and metaphorical sentences: the first three categories can be developed into metaphorical sentences under the influence of two rhetorical motivations: "by means of interpretation" and "by cross-domain equivalence". But the polar comparison sentence can not be developed into a metaphor sentence because it is compared in the same kind of things and one of the comparative items is an empty whole. One of the prominent features of Pingbi sentences in Wenzhou dialect is that the prepositions that represent comparative items can be missing, resulting in the syntactic juxtaposition of the principal comparative items and the subject comparison items. Therefore, there are two special phenomena in the figurative sentences of Wenzhou dialect. One is that the Noumenon and the vehicle can be juxtaposed without syntax, the other is the Noumenon, which can be taken on by things and events respectively. When things and events cross bear the Noumenon and the vehicle, the things in fact in the expression of the default of the predicate elements of the event, in understanding will actively restore the default predicate elements to maintain the equivalence with the event.
【作者单位】：温州大学人文学院;复旦大学中文系;
【分类号】：H173

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