现代汉语句中简单状语的功能研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 22:24

【摘要】：自徐杰提出谓头是汉语的第三个句法敏感位置且最为特殊之后,学者们开始意识到句中简单状语的地位问题。总的说来,过去对于句中简单状语的研究缺乏语篇视点,而且局限于孤立地分析在句中作状语的那些构式,或者研究处所状语,或者研究方位状语,或者是研究具体的那些做状语的构式以及它的语用功能等,对它们的研究缺乏系统性,比较零散。按照功能语法的观点,语言表达形式的多样性源于交际中不同的功能需求,脱离真实的篇章和自然的言谈,难以有效地揭示构式的语义。鉴于此,本文尝试用认知语法、构件语法和篇章语法的理论作基础,运用定量分析法和描写与解释相结合的方法,对现代汉语中的句中简单状语从句法和篇章的角度来进行研究,讨论其成句功能及篇章功能,并对其原因进行分析,以证明句中简单状语的重要性。本文的句中简单状语主要是指在句子主谓之间做状语的单词,要考察的功能是单词在句子主谓之间做状语之后所具有的成句和篇章功能。这些单词在谓语前面作描写或限制状语时,可能会与其它一些紧接其后的状语同时存在,但只要首位状语与其后的状语没有语义联系,这首位状语就是本文的考察范围。本文认为,句中简单状语在句中有成句功能,主要由助动词、部分名词、部分副词和部分形容词充当,它们在句中表示时体、语气、程度、情态等范畴,能让句子具有表述性,从而与现实发生一定的联系,实现句子的现实功能：指称明确、时体清晰、语气完整等,因而这些句中简单状语可作为完句成分。一些本来就有连接义的关联副词、表示评注性的副词、限制性副词以及时间副词等词充当简单状语,能在篇章中起到衔接作用,并主要通过语义逻辑连接和照应这两个手段来完成。句中简单状语的篇章衔接功能还不是很完全,有篇章衔接功能的句中简单状语也不是很多,但语言是一个不断变化发展的过程,当句中简单状语的某些语用义被频繁的临时使用时,有进一步演化为固定的篇章衔接标志的可能,能推动衔接标记的不断衍生。本文的研究丰富、深化了对汉语中句中简单状语的研究,研究成果可以运用到汉语教学中,这对对外汉语教学来说也是一个新的教学角度,对于留学生学习现代汉语中比较复杂的状语来说,无疑是一大帮助,具有一定的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:Since Xu Jie proposed that predicate head is the third and most special syntactic sensitive position in Chinese, scholars have begun to realize the status of simple adverbial in sentences. In general, previous studies of simple adverbials in sentences lacked a textual perspective and were limited to the isolated analysis of the constructions used as adverbials in a sentence, or the study of locative adverbials or locational adverbials. Or the study of specific adverbial constructions and its pragmatic functions, lack of systematic research on them, relatively scattered. According to the viewpoint of functional grammar, the diversity of forms of language expression originates from different functional needs in communication, and it is difficult to reveal the semantics of construction effectively without the real text and natural discourse. In view of this, this paper attempts to use the theories of cognitive grammar, component grammar and textual grammar as the basis, using the method of quantitative analysis and the combination of description and explanation. In order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence, this paper makes a study of the simple adverbial in modern Chinese from the perspective of syntax and text, discusses the function of the sentence and the function of the text, and analyzes the reasons for the function of the simple adverbial in the sentence in order to prove the importance of the simple adverbial in the sentence. The simple adverbial in this paper mainly refers to the words that do adverbial between the subject and predicate of the sentence. The function to be examined is the function of the word after the adverbial between the subject and the predicate of the sentence has the function of sentence formation and text. These words may exist at the same time as other adverbials immediately following them when describing or limiting adverbials before predicates, but as long as the first adverbial has no semantic connection with the adverbial after it, this first adverbial is the scope of this article. This paper holds that the simple adverbial in the sentence has the function of sentence formation, which is mainly served by auxiliary verbs, some nouns, some adverbs and some adjectives. They can express the category of tense, mood, degree and modality in the sentence, which can make the sentence expressive. Therefore, the simple adverbial in these sentences can be regarded as the component of the complete sentence because of its clear reference, clear tense and complete mood. Some related adverbs, which already have connective meanings, indicate that commentaries, restrictive adverbs and time adverbs act as simple adverbials and play a cohesive role in the text. And mainly through the semantic logical connection and reference to these two means to complete. The function of textual cohesion of simple adverbial in sentence is not very complete, and there are not many simple adverbials in sentences with textual cohesion, but language is a changing and developing process. When some of the pragmatic meanings of the simple adverbial in the sentence are frequently and temporarily used, there is the possibility of further evolution into a fixed textual cohesion marker, which can promote the continuous derivation of cohesion markers. The research in this paper is rich and deepens the study of simple adverbial in Chinese sentence. The research results can be applied to Chinese teaching, which is also a new teaching angle for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is undoubtedly a great help for foreign students to learn complex adverbials in modern Chinese and has certain practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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