英汉言语幽默的语用对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 19:46

【摘要】：作为人们日常生活中说话方式的特点之一,幽默以一种独特的艺术范式,广泛地存在于我们的交流体系之中。从幽默的内涵来看,它不仅仅是承载语言的概念体系,同样也具有文化的特征。在它独树一帜的语言形态中,包藏了丰富的内蕴解读意义。当然,从微观的个体角度来看,幽默本身已经储备了思维、理念以及人生观等诸多层面的信息单元意义。从宏观的整体视角上看,幽默同样反映出了一个国家、民族的特征。英汉文化的体系中,都包括了历史、文化、社会风俗、心理特征等诸多的内涵信息。通过英汉幽默文化的研究,我们可以比较全面地对中国文化以及西方文化有一个认识。 “幽默”虽然是整个民族文化体系中的一支不可或缺的组成部分,但从当下的研究状况来看,学术界对于幽默文化的研究并未形成完善的体系结构。在现有的研究成果来看,我们不难发现,对于幽默的研究,有一个历史性的动态发展过程。从原先主要的修辞学范畴逐渐向社会学以及人类学的方向拓展。在语用学的视角研究下,幽默的研究领域已经不再局限于原先的语义学范畴,而是获得了更为宽泛的研究面与上升、发展的空间。如果我们将我国与西方在幽默学上的研究进行横向对比的话,我们可以看到二者之间存在的差异,即西方已经逐渐趋于完备的自足性体系,例如,优越论、释放论、不协调论等都是其中作为明显的研究成果。而我国虽然也有零星的观点,比如林语堂、鲁迅等学者,纷纷阐述过一些具有价值的个人见解内容,但主体上仍旧主要沿袭于西方研究的理论成果,当代研究的理论成果也尚处于一种较为浅显的阶段,并未建构起中国化的幽默系统。此外,目前对幽默的研究多在认知框架下,从哲学,心理学及精神分析的角度,研究幽默的生成,理解及其接受机制,但对其具体的应用功能却没有系统的论述。本研究从网上及其笑话书上搜集了大量的语言资料,通过比较与对比的研究方法,旨在对英汉言语幽默在认知语用这个大框架里面进行全方位的,立体式的对比研究。首先利用语言学的预设,指示语与合作原则分析英汉言语幽默的生成机制,其次试图从幽默的方式以及利用修辞来对比研究两种幽默的相似之处,最后从文化及其语言的角度阐述两种幽默的不同。通过对两种不同言语幽默的对比研究,总结并发现言语幽默具有释放,亲善,化解,批评及其教育的应用功能。
[Abstract]:As one of the characteristics of speaking style in people's daily life, humor widely exists in our communication system with a unique artistic paradigm. From the connotation of humor, it is not only the concept system of language, but also has the characteristics of culture. In its unique language form, it contains rich connotations of meaning. Of course, from the micro perspective of individuals, humor itself has already reserved the meaning of information unit in many aspects, such as thinking, idea and outlook on life and so on. From the macro perspective, humor also reflects the characteristics of a nation. The system of English and Chinese culture includes many connotations such as history, culture, social customs, psychological characteristics and so on. Through the study of English and Chinese humorous culture, we can have a comprehensive understanding of Chinese culture and western culture. "humor" is an indispensable part of the whole national culture system, but from the current research situation, the academic research on humor culture has not formed a perfect system structure. From the current research results, we can easily find that there is a historical dynamic process in the study of humor. From the original main rhetorical category gradually to the direction of sociology and anthropology. From the perspective of pragmatics, the research field of humor is no longer confined to the original scope of semantics, but has gained a broader research area and a space for development. If we compare the study of humor between China and the West horizontally, we can see the difference between the two, that is, the West has gradually become a complete self-contained system, for example, the theory of superiority, the theory of release. The theory of disharmony is one of the obvious research results. Although there are sporadic viewpoints in our country, such as Lin Yutang, Lu Xun and other scholars, who have expounded some valuable personal opinions, but the main body is still mainly following the theoretical achievements of western research. The theoretical achievements of contemporary research are still in a relatively simple stage, and the Chinese humor system has not been constructed. In addition, most of the researches on humor are based on the cognitive framework, from the perspective of philosophy, psychology and psychoanalysis, to study the generation, understanding and acceptance mechanism of humor, but there is no systematic discussion on its specific application functions. This study collects a great deal of language materials from the Internet and joke books. By means of comparative and contrastive research, the purpose of this study is to carry out a comprehensive, three-dimensional contrastive study of English and Chinese verbal humor within the framework of cognitive pragmatics. In this paper, we first use linguistic presupposition, deixis and cooperative principles to analyze the generating mechanism of verbal humor in English and Chinese, and then try to compare the similarities between the two kinds of humor by means of humor and rhetoric. Finally, from the point of view of culture and language, this paper expounds the differences between the two kinds of humor. Through the comparative study of two different kinds of verbal humor, it is concluded and found that verbal humor has the functions of release, goodwill, resolution, criticism and education.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H13

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