从关联理论的视角分析冲突话语

发布时间：2018-12-05 17:18

【摘要】：冲突话语一直被认为是普遍而又复杂的语言现象,频繁地发生于人们日常交际活动中。它主要体现在交际双方的言语、行为或观点等方面不能达成一致,从而致使冲突话语的出现。它使得交际活动无法正常进行,是成功交际的一大障碍。因此,冲突话语的研究引起了各学科的关注,如人类学,社会学,心理学,语言学等并且研究者们分别从不同的视角对冲突话语进行了解读。但与国外相比,我国学者对于冲突话语分析的研究处于刚刚起步的阶段。本文借助近年来颇受瞩目的关联理论为理论框架来分析冲突话语。它是斯珀波和威尔逊在批判和继承格莱斯上原则的基础上提出的。它从认知学的角度对人类的语言交际进行解读,被广泛应用于不同的会话分析过程中。关联理论认为：交际是一个明示—推理的过程。而明示和推理其实是同一个过程的两个不同方面。从讯递者的角度来说,交际是一个明示的过程。讯递者通过明示行为向受讯者传递两种意图,一种是信息意图,另一种是交际意图。而从受讯者的角度来说,交际是一个推理过程。受讯者在关联原则的指导下充分地利用语境做出恰当的语境假设,就会获得一定的语境效果,推理出讯递者的意图,继而成功的交际。本文采用基于语料分析的定性研究。语料来自情景美剧“生活大爆炸”。通过对收集来的语料系统地分析,本文揭示了冲突话语产生的原因：即讯递者在明示交际中明示过于模糊；受讯者在推理交际中无法推理出讯递者交际意图；交际双方无法达到互明；在认知语境中(这里我们用认知语境来区分传统意义上的语境)由于交际双方背景知识的差异,对上下文理解的不正确,忽视了周围环境语境等因素以及交际双方缺少关联,这些因素都会导致冲突话语的产生。本文对冲突话语的研究不但具有理论意义还有社会意义。本文的研究除了能深化对冲突话语成因的理解,对于语用学理论完善和补充也很有价值。而且冲突话语的缓解具有重要的社会意义。我们国家弘扬“和谐”社会,而“冲突”作为一个不和谐的元素应该给与足够的重视。了解冲突话语产生的原因,努力避免和缓解,对推动和谐主义社会有着积极的意义。
[Abstract]:Conflict discourse has always been regarded as a common and complex linguistic phenomenon, which frequently occurs in people's daily communication. It is mainly reflected in the differences of speech, behavior or viewpoint between the two parties, which leads to the appearance of conflict discourse. It makes the communication activities not normal, is a major obstacle to successful communication. Therefore, the study of conflict discourse has attracted the attention of various disciplines, such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, linguistics and so on. However, compared with foreign countries, the research on conflict discourse analysis is still in its infancy. This paper uses relevance theory, which has attracted much attention in recent years, as a theoretical framework to analyze conflict discourse. It was put forward by Sperber and Wilson on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the principles of Grice. It interprets human language communication from the perspective of cognition and is widely used in different conversational analysis processes. Relevance theory holds that communication is an ostensive-inferential process. In fact, ostensible and inferential are two different aspects of the same process. Communication is an explicit process from the point of view of the addressee. The addressee conveys two kinds of intention to the addressee through express act, one is information intention, the other is communicative intention. From the perspective of the subject, communication is a process of reasoning. Under the guidance of relevance principle, the addressee makes a proper contextual hypothesis under the guidance of relevance principle, which will result in a certain contextual effect, infer the intention of the addressee, and then make successful communication. This paper adopts qualitative research based on corpus analysis. The corpus comes from the scene drama the Big Bang Theory. Through a systematic analysis of the collected data, this paper reveals the causes of conflict utterances: that is, the addressee is too vague in the explicit communication, the addressee cannot infer the communication intention of the addressee in the inferential communication; Communication can not achieve mutual understanding; In cognitive context (where we use cognitive context to distinguish the traditional context) due to the differences in background knowledge between the two communicators and the incorrect understanding of the context, the factors such as the surrounding context and the lack of relevance between the two parties are ignored. These factors will lead to conflict discourse. The study of conflict discourse in this paper has not only theoretical significance but also social significance. In addition to deepening the understanding of the causes of conflict discourse, this study is of great value to the perfection and supplement of pragmatic theory. Moreover, the mitigation of conflict discourse has important social significance. Our country promotes harmonious society, and conflict, as an element of disharmony, should be given enough attention. Understanding the causes of conflict discourse and trying to avoid and alleviate it have positive significance to promote harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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