汉语异形成语研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 16:00

【摘要】：本文首先列举了针对异形成语问题前人所进行研究的集中点,在此基础上提出了本文对于异形成语的界定方法,这是本文进行定量和定性分析的前提,并探讨了异形成语和同义成语、同源成语以及成语活用的差别,这是进行异形成语研究的基础。其次对异形成语进行了定量分析。本文共选取了七部具有代表性的词典,包括两部语文词典和五部成语词典,并结合三个已经颁布或正在试行的规范词表展示了异形成语在现代汉语中的存在状况。本文搜集到的异形成语均为词典中收录的四字格成语。再次,本文对收集到的异形成语进行了详细地描写和分析,问题主要集中于产生原因和类型的分析。根据异形成语产生的原因,将其分为由异体字造成的、由异形词造成的、由假借字造成的、由古今字造成的、由通用字造成的和由同音替换或附会理据造成的,共六个主要的类型,随后分析了其产生的文化心理方面的原因。最后,本文在对比收录异形成语的词典基础上,分析其存在的混乱和不足,结合语言事实和异形成语的使用现状,对如何进行异形成语规范以及词典如何收录和注释异形成语进行了说明,并对全文做了简短的总结。总之,深入了解异形成语,对语言规范、语文教学、词典编纂及词语、成语的本体研究都有不可忽视的作用,希望本文为今后异形成语的研究有所启发。
[Abstract]:This paper first lists the concentration points of the previous researches on the special-shaped idioms, and then puts forward the definition method of the special-shaped idioms in this paper, which is the premise of the quantitative and qualitative analysis in this paper. This paper also discusses the differences between special-shaped idioms and synonymous idioms, homologous idioms and idioms, which are the basis of the study of special-shaped idioms. Secondly, quantitative analysis of special-shaped idioms is made. This paper selects seven representative dictionaries, including two Chinese dictionaries and five idiom dictionaries, and shows the existence of special-shaped idioms in modern Chinese in combination with three standard lexicon that has been promulgated or is being tried out. All the heteromorphic idioms collected in this paper are four-character idioms collected in dictionaries. Thirdly, this paper describes and analyzes the special-shaped idioms in detail. The problem is mainly focused on the analysis of the causes and types. According to the reasons for the formation of heteromorphic idioms, they can be divided into three categories: those caused by heteromorphic words, those caused by false loan characters, by ancient and modern characters, by common characters, and by homonym substitution or affixing motivations. There are six main types, and then analyzes the causes of its cultural psychological aspects. Finally, on the basis of contrasting the dictionaries of the special-shaped idioms, this paper analyzes the confusion and deficiency of the dictionaries, and combines the present situation of the use of the linguistic facts and the special-shaped idioms. This paper explains how to standardize the special-shaped idioms and how to include and annotate the special-shaped idioms in the dictionary, and makes a brief summary of the full text. In a word, it can not be ignored to deeply understand the abnormal idioms, which can not be ignored in the study of language norms, Chinese teaching, dictionary compilation and the study of the ontology of words and idioms. I hope this paper can enlighten the future study of special-shaped idioms.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H13

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