汉语“复词偏义”现象研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 13:43

【摘要】：对于“复词偏义”的成因,从“关联”理论的角度来看,双音组合联合表义本就是对最佳关联的体现,复词偏义是一种语用现象,是由于理解而产生的。在关联度不同、语境选取不同等客观主观条件的基础上,经过一抑一扬的语用调节之后,使用最佳相关的语境假设。此外,经高频出现而规约化、定型化发展成不依赖于外在语境的偏义复词。其实,对于相反相对或者相类相关的并列式双音组合来说,语义是否偏侧和偏义于哪个组成成分都是其语境信息的选择和体现,“复词偏义”的语境体现有“组合搭配”、“等同语义替换”、“共时等同语境替换”、“历时等同语境替换”等四种方式。作为一种比较特殊的言语现象,汉语“复词偏义”现象具有比较高的研究价值。古代汉语中的语义随语境而变的并列式双音组合在一些语句的实际理解中语义偏侧于其中一个组成成分的言语现象,自古以来就有很多人加以关注和研究,并留下了许多有价值的文献和资料。本文第一次全面系统地总结了“复词偏义”现象的研究状况,并制作了“复词偏义”现象历来研究文献资料汇编·索引,为后来的研究提供了极为有利的借鉴；深入分析了以往对“复词偏义”成因解说的不妥之处,用较为新颖的关联理论,从语言使用的角度,分析了复词偏义的成因和形成机制,合理地解释了“复词偏义”现象的由来；从双音组合与语境信息的关联度着手,开拓性地探讨了“复词偏义”的语境体现。全文共分为五章,内容大概如下：第一章“前言”。引入并界定本文的研究对象,介绍研究缘由、研究价值及研究思路、语例来源。第二章“‘复词偏义’现象研究状况述评”。介绍以往有关“复词偏义”现象研究的文献资料；论述以往研究的历史分期及各个时期的研究特点与得失；介绍以往的“复词偏义”现象研究所针对的焦点问题；评价了以往研究的总体特征及可开拓之处。第三章“‘复词偏义’的成因”。分析以往“复词偏义”成因的各家解说；引出“关联”理论,指出双音组合联合表义本就是对最佳关联的体现；分析复词偏义的客观与主观基础；论述复词偏义的语用调节及最终形成过程。第四章“‘复词偏义’的语境体现”。论述“复词偏义”是语境信息的最佳关联；分析“组合搭配”、“等同语义替换”、“共时等同语境替换”和“历时等同语境替换”等四种“复词偏义”的语境体现方式。第五章“结语”。总结全文。
[Abstract]:From the angle of the theory of relevance, the combination of double syllable and meaning is the embodiment of the best relevance, which is a pragmatic phenomenon, which is caused by understanding. On the basis of different correlation degree and different objective subjective conditions, the optimal contextual hypothesis is used after pragmatic adjustment. In addition, through the appearance of high frequency and regularization, the stereotype develops into a skewed complex which does not depend on the external context. As a matter of fact, for the opposite relative or similar paratonic binosyllabic combinations, the choice and embodiment of contextual information is whether the semantic is sideways or which components are partial meaning, and the context of "compound word partial meaning" embodies "combinatorial collocation". "equivalent semantic substitution", "synchronic equivalent context replacement", "diachronic equivalent context replacement". As a kind of special speech phenomenon, the phenomenon of "compound word partial meaning" in Chinese has higher research value. In ancient Chinese, the paratonic disyllabic combination of semantic changes with context has been paid attention to and studied by many people since ancient times. And left a lot of valuable documents and materials. This paper, for the first time, systematically summarizes the research status of the phenomenon of "compound word partial meaning", and makes the "compound word partial meaning" phenomenon has always been the research literature compilation index, which provides a very favorable reference for the later research; This paper makes a thorough analysis of the misinterpretation of the causes of "compound word bias", and analyzes the causes and formation mechanism of compound word partial meaning from the perspective of language use with a relatively novel relevance theory. It reasonably explains the origin of the phenomenon of "compound word partial meaning"; Based on the correlation between dichotomy and contextual information, this paper explores the contextual embodiment of "compound word partial meaning". The full text is divided into five chapters, the content is as follows: the first chapter, preface. This paper introduces and defines the research object, introduces the research reason, the research value, the research idea and the source of the examples. Chapter two: a Review of the Research on the phenomenon of compound word's partial meaning. This paper introduces the literature about the phenomenon of "compound word partial meaning", discusses the historical stages of the previous research, the characteristics of each period of the study, and introduces the focus of the previous research on the phenomenon of "compound word partial meaning". The general characteristics and exploitable points of previous studies are evaluated. The third chapter is "the cause of the compound word's partial meaning". This paper analyzes the explanations of the causes of compound words' partial meaning in the past, leads to the theory of "relevance", points out that the combination of two syllables is the embodiment of the best relevance, analyzes the objective and subjective basis of the compound words' partial meaning, and points out that the combination of double syllable and combination is the embodiment of the best relevance. This paper discusses the pragmatic adjustment and final formation process of compound word's partial meaning. The fourth chapter is "the context embodiment of compound word's partial meaning". This paper discusses that "compound word partial meaning" is the best relevance of context information, and analyzes the four ways of "combination collocation", "equivalent semantic substitution", "synchronic equivalent context replacement" and "diachronic equivalent context replacement". Chapter five, conclusion. Summary of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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