英汉新词对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 15:30

【摘要】： 新词是指为了反映新事物、新概念、新思维等而出现在书面语及口语中，表义明确、利于交际的词汇。二十世纪八十年代以来，世界进入信息时代，科学技术以前所未有的速度向前发展，世界政治、经济、文化等领域发生了巨大变化。与此同时，中国进行了一系列的政治、经济体制改革，社会各方面发生了惊人的变化。因此，英汉语都出现了大量的新词。词汇历来是外语学习和外语教学中的难点，新词属于词汇发展变化的最前沿，其学习难度不言而喻。任何一种语言的新词都不是凭空臆造的，而是在一定的社会环境下、根据自身词汇材料按一定的规律构成的。本文从词汇学、语义学和社会语言学的角度对英汉新词进行了全面的对比分析，旨在帮助外语学习者了解英汉新词的构词规律、语义特点及其社会文化内涵，同时，加深对英汉语的认识，，进一步了解语言的发展规律。本文中的英汉新词大多来源于《英汉大词典补编》、《新华新词语词典》、《新世纪英语新词语双解词典》、《牛津新词词典》、《20世纪新词语词典》、《朗文当代英语词典》第三版增补本及《现代汉语词典》2002年增补本。还有一些出自近年来刚刚出版的流行语手册。作者首先在阐明新词的定义和分类的基础上追述了英汉语新词的来源。英汉新词大都来源于三种途径：运用本民族的语言材料构造新词，旧词赋新义和借用其它民族的语言。本文的重点是对比分析英汉新词构词特征，语义特征及社会文化特征。英汉新词构词特征的对比分析是从对英汉新词构词方法的调查入手的。利用他人及自己的调查，得出复合法、加缀法和缩略法是二十世纪八十年代以来英汉语中最活跃的构词方法，每一种方法在这两种语言中的作用不尽相同。复合法是两种语言中最活跃的构词方法，但其作用在汉语中相对较大。而加缀法在英语中明显比汉肇硕士学位论文人4A只【’〔R’凡’f 11厂气15 语中起的作用要大。缩略法的作用在英汉语中贝l}相似。每种方法构成的新词结构特点既有相同之处，也有不同之处。英语重形合，而汉语重意合。因此，英语构词成分可能有形态变化，使得它们在复合词中的位置较为灵活。汉语构词成分不具形态变化，在复合词中的位置多受其语法关系的限制。英语词缀是由音节转化而成的，汉语词缀则是有独立意义的汉字转化而成。英语缩略词是从词或词组中提取字母或音节而成，而汉语缩略词则是由具有独立意义的汉字组成。英汉新词语义特征的分析是结合新词的理据性展开的。绝大多数英汉新词都一具有一定的理据性，与其构词成份即词和语素关系密切。新词意义要么是构词成分意义的简单相加，要么是在构词成分意义的基础上联想而来。语义的透明性、生动性，语义泛化与缩小及语法意义和情感意义的变化是英汉新词的共同特征。但这些语义特征的表现方式和程度却不尽相同。英汉语的特点使汉语新词比英语新词更具透明度。英汉语都借助于隐喻，借喻等修辞手段来形象地表达思想，但相同情况下，英语多赋旧词以形象的意义，而汉语则是创造形象的复合词。英汉新词社会文化特征的分析是从社会语言学的角度进行分析的。语言随着社会的变化而发展。在语言各要素中，词汇对社会的变化最敏感。因此，社会的发展变化是新词产生的主要推动力量。在所有社会因素当中，最具影响力的是科学技术的发展、政治、经济的变化及人们日常生活的多样化。英语国家和中国的社会情况不同，使得其新词有所不同。与此同时，日益增长的全球化趋势巨大地促进了中国与英语国家的交流与合作。这不仅使英语和汉语中对应新词愈来愈多，而且使得中国人在许多方面观点越来越与西方人趋于一致，这一点在新词中就有所反映。本文通过对英汉新词的全面对比分析，揭示了英汉新词不同之处和共同之处。英汉新词是语言因素和社会因素相互作用的结果。随着社会的发展，将产生更多的英汉新词。同时，英汉民族交往的日益频繁必将促进英汉语的进一步接触，英汉新词也将呈现更多的相似点。英语和汉语都是当今世界使用广泛的语言，全面系统地对比分析英汉新词对肇硕士学位论文入IA凡1’F只’凡丁I!Esl凡外语学习和外语教学来说具有特别重要的指导意义。首先，通过比较分析英汉新词，使外语学习者能更清楚的了解目的语新词的构词特点和语义特点，促进目的语新词的学习，扩大词汇量。其次，还能使外语学习者加深对目的语文化的认识，了解英语和汉语不同的表达方式，准确地理解和翻译社会文化内涵丰富的目的语新词。
[Abstract]:New words are used to reflect new things, new concepts, new thinking and so on. Since the 1980s, the world has entered the information age, and science and technology have developed in an unprecedented speed, and the world politics, economy, culture and other fields have changed greatly. At the same time, China has made a series of political, economic, and social changes. Therefore, both English and Chinese have a large number of new words. The vocabulary has always been a difficult point in foreign language learning and foreign language teaching. The new words of any kind of language are not based on the imagination, but in a certain social environment, according to their own vocabulary materials This paper makes a comprehensive comparison and analysis of English and Chinese neologisms from the perspective of lexicology, semantics and sociolinguistics. to deepen the understanding of English and Chinese, and to further The English and Chinese neologisms in this paper are mostly from the Chinese and Chinese Dictionary of Chinese Dictionary, the Chinese New Words Dictionary, and the New English New Words Dictionary for the New Century. The Oxford New Word Dictionary, the New Word Dictionary for the 20th Century, the English Dictionary of the Contemporary English, and the third edition of the English Dictionary. Supplement of the Chinese Dictionary and the Modern Chinese Dictionary in 2002. There are also some of the pop-language manuals that have just been published in recent years. In the first place, the source of the new words of English and Chinese is traced on the basis of the definition and classification of the new words. The language materials of this nation are used to construct new words, old words and other languages. The focus of this paper is to compare and analyze the characteristics of neologisms in English and Chinese. The comparative analysis of the characteristics of Chinese and English neologisms is based on the investigation of the methods of word formation in English and Chinese. The most active method of word-building in English and Chinese since the 1980s, each of which is in both languages The effect of the compound method is not the same. The composite method Yes the two of the two languages active word-building method, but which The role of the role in Chinese It's bigger. And the addition method is in English. Obvious to the Han in the language to make a difference master's degree paper Human 4A['R' van The role of the 'f 11' in the 15-language is big. The Role of the Law in English Similar in Chinese. The new word structure of each method characteristic existing phase In the same place, there is also a difference. The English is in a heavy form, and the Chinese are in a good sense.. Therefore, the English structure The composition of the word may change in form so that they are in a more spiritual position in the compound word Live. The composition of the Chinese word-building is not changed, and the position in the compound word is not changed. The limitation of its grammatical relation. English affixes are converted by syllables. That's what you're doing, man. An English abbreviation is a word or a word. in group The Chinese abbreviation is made up of Chinese characters with independent meaning. The analysis of the new word meaning in English and Chinese is based on the theory of new words. most English and Chinese neologisms all have a certain sense of reason and the composition of the word. That is, the word and the morpheme are closely related. The meaning of the new word is either a word or a word. The simple addition of the word is either by association on the basis of the meaning of the word-forming component. The transparency of the semantics, vividness, the generalization and the reduction of the semantic and the meaning of the grammatical meaning and the emotion The change of righteousness is English The common characteristics of Chinese neologisms. But the way and degree of performance of these semantic features The characteristics of English and Chinese make Chinese neologisms more English than English New words are more transparent In English and Chinese, by means of the rhetoric of metaphor, metonymy, etc. means to express ideas in an image, but in that same case, an old word is given in English The meaning of the image, and the Chinese is the complex of the creation of the image The analysis of the social and cultural characteristics of neologisms in English and Chinese is from the angle of sociolinguistics degree of analysis The language develops with the change of society. In each element of the language, vocabulary The change of society is the most sensitive. Therefore, the change of society's development is a new word the main driving force In all social factors, the most influential is the family. The development, the political, and the economy of the technology. Change and the diversification of people's daily life. English-speaking countries and China's society will in case of different situation, The new words are different. At the same time, it is increasing The long globalization trend has been greatly promoted The Communication and the Combination of the Chinese and the English This not only makes the corresponding neologisms in English and Chinese more and more, but also in many way, that Chinese view more and more In the new words, this is the same as the westerners. This paper is a reflection of the overall contrast between Chinese and English neologisms. to reveal
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：H03

【引证文献】