日语被动句在汉语中的对应形式研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 13:22

【摘要】：被动句是汉语和日语中运用都十分广泛的句型。在对外汉语教学中占有十分重要的位置。虽然同为被动句，在两种语言中的用法却有很大的不同。因此，母语为日语的汉语学习者在被动句习得上经常会受到母语负迁移的影响。为了尽量减少这种影响，我们利用现有的日汉被动句对比的成果，对日语被动句在汉语中的对应形式进行了初步的探讨。得到的结论如下：我们依据寺村和铃木对日语被动句的分类，对每一类的日语被动句在汉语中的对应形式分别进行了研究。（一）直接被动句（1）有情直接被动句基本上可以与汉语的“被”字句对应；当遇到汉语中经常与“遭、受”等搭配使用的动词时，与汉语的被动动词句对应；当施事部分为表心理活动的名词时与汉语相应动词的谓语句对应。（2）无情直接被动句当施事为有情物的时，基本上可以与“为……所”对应；句子表受害与不如意，或者表称号时可以与“被”字句对应；当句子中的动词为过去式时可以与“是……的”对应。当施事为无情物时，，可以与汉语“被”字句及被动动词句对应。当施事被省略时，且当谓语动词有放置意义的情况下可以与汉语的存现句对应。（二）间接被动句（1）物主被动基本上可以与汉语的“被”字句对应。（2）对象被动基本上与汉语的相应动词谓语句对应。只有当“对象”与受事主语联系紧密时才能对应汉语的“被”字句。（3）自动词被动可以与汉语的因果关系复句对应。有很少的情况可以对应汉语的“被”字句，但需要添加或者改变日语被动句中原有的成分。
[Abstract]:Passive sentences are widely used in both Chinese and Japanese. In the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language occupies a very important position. Although both are passive sentences, the usage in both languages is quite different. Therefore, Chinese learners whose mother tongue is Japanese are often influenced by the negative transfer of their mother tongue in the acquisition of passive sentences. In order to minimize this influence, we make use of the existing achievements of Japanese and Chinese passive sentences to make a preliminary study on the corresponding forms of Japanese passive sentences in Chinese. The conclusions are as follows: according to the classification of Japanese passive sentences by Shimura and Suzuki, the corresponding forms of each kind of Japanese passive sentences in Chinese are studied separately. (1) the direct passive sentence (1) the sentimental direct passive sentence can basically correspond to the "be" sentence in Chinese, and when it comes to the verb which is often used with the collocation of "bad, receive" in Chinese, it corresponds to the passive verb in Chinese; When the agent part is a noun showing psychological activity, it corresponds to the predicate sentence of the corresponding verb in Chinese. (2) ruthless direct passive sentence when acting as a sentient thing, basically can be with. The word "corresponds"; the sentence indicates victimization and discontentment, or the title may correspond to the word "be"; and the verb in the sentence may correspond to "yes" when the verb in the sentence is a past tense. Corresponding to. When the agent is a ruthless thing, it can correspond to the Chinese word "Bei" and the passive verb. When the agent is omitted, and when the predicate verb has placed meaning, it can correspond to the Chinese existential sentence. (2) indirect passive sentence (1) the active and passive can basically correspond to the Chinese word "Bei". (2) object passivity basically corresponds to the corresponding verb predicate sentence in Chinese. Only when the object is closely related to the subject can it correspond to the sentence of "Bei" in Chinese. (3) automatic word passivity can correspond to Chinese causality complex sentence. There are few cases that can correspond to the Chinese word "Bei", but need to add or change the original elements of the Japanese passive sentence.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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