汉语含有“V着”的结构与韩语对应形式的研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 17:18

【摘要】：汉语和韩语作为两种语言,有着不同的持续体表达形式及语法意义。汉语缺乏严格的形态变化,主要依靠动态助词“着”来辅助动词表示持续义,而韩语则是形态发达的语言,靠动词的形态变化来表达持续的含义。 基于对韩汉语教学的需求,本文为了理清汉语表持续意义的助词“着”与韩语对应形式“(?)”、“(?)”的异同,根据“着”的持续性、非完整性、动态／静态二重性三个语义特征和“V着”结构的基本句式,对汉韩持续体相关表达形式及其对应关系进行了研究。 为便于研究,本文选出七种含有“V着”结构的基本句式,按照句式特征分为两大类：一类是简单结构句式,如“V着”、“V着+A”、“S+V着”、“S+V着+0”四种；一类是复杂结构句式,如“S+V1着(+0)+V2(+0)”、“S+Vl着V1着,V2”、“S+V1着V2着V3”三种,并对整个结构义和语义特征给予了说明。 简单结构句式中的“着”与韩语“(?)”、“(?)”基本对应,但复杂结构句式中的“着”并不是简单对应,而与表示相应意义的多种语法形式对应。汉语“着”的语义特征还制约着“V着”结构,不能与非持续性、完整性特征的词语共现表持续义,而在韩语中并非如此,有些词语可以共现,有些不可以。 通过对比,可以看出汉语的“着”与韩语的“(?)”、“(?)”均表示“持续”意义,但在表达形式上呈现出不同的对应关系。
[Abstract]:As two languages, Chinese and Korean have different expressions and grammatical meanings. The Chinese language lacks strict morphological changes, and mainly depends on the dynamic auxiliary word "Zai" to assist the verb to express its continuous meaning, while Korean is a well-developed language, which expresses the meaning of persistence by the morphological change of the verb. Based on the demand of Korean Chinese teaching, in order to clarify the auxiliary words "Xue" and "Korean", "(?)" According to the three semantic features of persistence, non-integrity, dynamic / static duality and the basic sentence pattern of "V-Zhe" structure, this paper makes a study on the related expressions and their corresponding relations between Chinese and Korean durations. In order to facilitate the study, this paper selects seven basic sentence patterns with "V Zhe" structure, which can be divided into two categories according to the structure characteristics: one is simple structural sentence pattern, such as "V Zhe", "V Zhe A", "S V Zhe", "S V Zhe", and "S V Zhe 0"; One is complex structure, such as "S V1 (0) V2 (0)", "S Vl is V1, V2", "S V1 vs V2 is V3", and the whole structural meaning and semantic features are explained. "Zuo" and Korean "(?)", "(?)" in the sentence structure of simple structure Basic correspondence, but the "Zhe" in the sentence structure of complex structure is not a simple correspondence, but corresponds to a variety of grammatical forms that represent the corresponding meaning. The semantic features of Chinese "zhe" also restrict the structure of "V zhe", which can not co-appear with the non-persistent and integrative words, but it is not the case in Korean. Some words can co-appear and some words can not. By comparison, we can see that the Chinese "Ze" and the Korean "(?)", "(?)" They all represent the meaning of "persistence", but show different corresponding relations in the form of expression.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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