汉、藏语声调的声学比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-11 08:23

【摘要】：声调作为汉藏语系重要的语音特征,具备较多可比性。本文以汉语普通话声调的研究成果为参照,对藏语拉萨话和夏河话进行分析研究。首先,对课题来源、对象、意义及国内外研究现状做了简要说明；其次,从现代语音学角度,用声学方法提取参数,为声调分析做准备；再次,依据各项参数,以普通话声调类型为基础总结藏语单、双调类型和变调规律,并构建音域模型；之后,分析喉塞对拉萨话声调的影响；最后,分别对藏语声调纵向和汉、藏语声调横向进行比较,得出以下结论： 1)拉萨话声调系统相对完善,有四种调型六个调值,高低二调区别明显；夏河话习惯调只有降调,体现不出高低二调区别。拉萨话中有喉塞的音节调型由平调变降调。 2)拉萨话双字调变调规律：第一音节为清声母字时,除QS组合中双塞音调值不变外,其余均变平调,第二音节为降调；第一音节为浊声母字时,升调变平调、降调,曲折调变升调和降调,第二音节调型随前一音节变化。 3)夏河话双音节变调规律：第一音节由降调变平调,第二音节不变。 4)汉、藏语相比：单字调时,拉萨话与普通话一样有四种调型；双字调时,普通话变调集中在第一音节,第二音节基本不变；拉萨话变调以第一音节为主,第二音节也会发生变化。
[Abstract]:As an important phonetic feature of the Chinese-Tibetan language family, tone has more comparability. Based on the research results of Chinese Putonghua tone, this paper makes an analysis of Tibetan Lhasa and Xia he dialect. Firstly, the source, object, significance and current situation of the research at home and abroad are briefly explained; secondly, from the perspective of modern phonetics, the parameters are extracted by acoustic method to prepare for tone analysis. Thirdly, according to the parameters, based on the tone types of Putonghua, the author summarizes the single, double tone types and variations of Tibetan language, and constructs a range model, and then analyzes the influence of throat plug on the tones of Lhasa dialect. Finally, the author compares the vertical tone of Tibetan tone with that of Chinese and Tibetan respectively, and draws the following conclusions: 1) Lhasa dialect tone system is relatively perfect, there are four kinds of tone types and six tone values, the difference between high and low tones is obvious; Xia he dialect habit only down tone, can not reflect the difference between high and low two tones. In Lhasa dialect, the syllable type with throat plug changes from flat tone to lower tone. 2) in Lhasa dialect, when the first syllable is the Qing consonant, the other two syllables are flat and the second syllable is the descending tone except for the QS combination. When the first syllable is a turbid consonant, the ascending tone changes the flat tone, the descent tone, the zigzag tone and the descent tone, and the second syllable type changes with the preceding syllable. 3) the law of double syllable variation in Xiahe dialect: the first syllable is changed from descending tone to flat tone, while the second syllable is unchanged. 4) in Han and Tibetan languages, Lhasa has four kinds of tones as Putonghua, while in double tone, the change of Putonghua is concentrated on the first syllable, while the second syllable is basically unchanged. Lhasa dialect changes to the first syllable, the second syllable will also change.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H214;H11

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