中日礼貌用语研究与对日汉语教学

发布时间：2019-01-20 10:31

【摘要】：汉语是世界上使用人数最多的语言，随着中国改革开放以来国际地位的日益提高、经济的不断发展、综合国力的日渐增强，国际上掀起了一股学习汉语的热潮。为了使在华留学生更加顺利地学习和掌握汉语，我们有必要在对外汉语教学中进行深入研究和探讨，寻求最佳的学习方法和教学途径。作为临近我国一衣带水的日本，学习汉语的人数更是与日俱增。据国家汉办统计，日本约有100万人在学习汉语，汉语已经成为继英语之后的第二大外语。历史上，中国是有名的礼仪之邦，，不管是中华民族自身还是对外邦交，中国都以懂礼节著称。日本同样也以自己本国的礼节文化而闻名于世。但是在具体的礼貌语言行为上，中日又有很多不同的地方。为了更好的进行对日汉语教学，分析中日两国文化中关于礼貌问题的异同就变得尤为重要。本文以日本学生为研究对象，从中日礼貌用语各方面的对比研究出发，结合礼貌用语的相关理论，着重对中日礼貌用语及行为的差异性进行对比，探讨礼貌原则在对日汉语教学中的应用以及礼貌用语在对日汉语教学课堂上的教学方法。本文从寒暄语、致谢与道歉语、拒绝语、禁忌语几个方面分别展示了汉语礼貌用语与日语礼貌用语，将两种语言的差异性进行对比，举例说明在不同方面、不同场合下礼貌用语的具体用法。根据西方礼貌原则，简要分析了日汉礼貌用语在遵循礼貌原则方面的讲究和特点。在对日汉语教学的课堂上，针对教材的不同特点以及学生的汉语语言水平，在学生的理解能力范围内对汉语礼貌用语和文化知识稍做链接，通过讲授法、对比法、练习、列举等方法，讲练结合，在口语课和阅读课上让日本留学生对中国汉民族礼貌用语和文化有一个直观的了解和感受，在此基础之上，引导学生将汉语礼貌用语与他们自己国家的礼貌习惯进行对比，从而更加鲜明的展现出不同点，记忆更加深刻。结合学生的具体情况、结合教材的特点，适时地对中日文化进行比较，可以帮助学生更加顺利地掌握汉语，使他们在运用汉语进行交际时更加得心应手。
[Abstract]:Chinese is the most widely used language in the world. With the improvement of international status, the development of economy and the increasing of comprehensive national strength, there has been an upsurge in learning Chinese in the world. In order to make students in China learn and master Chinese more smoothly, it is necessary for us to study and discuss Chinese as a foreign language in order to find the best learning method and teaching way. As Japan is close to our country, the number of people learning Chinese is increasing day by day. According to the National Office of Chinese Affairs, about 1 million people in Japan are learning Chinese, which has become the second largest foreign language after English. In history, China is a famous country of etiquette, whether it is the Chinese nation itself or foreign diplomatic relations, China is famous for understanding etiquette. Japan is also famous for its own culture of etiquette. However, there are many differences between China and Japan in the specific behavior of polite language. In order to teach Chinese to Japan better, it is very important to analyze the similarities and differences of politeness between Chinese and Japanese culture. This paper, taking Japanese students as the research object, makes a comparative study of the politeness terms between China and Japan, combining with the relevant theories of politeness terms, and emphatically contrasts the differences of politeness and behavior between China and Japan. This paper discusses the application of politeness principle in Japanese Chinese teaching and the teaching method of politeness language in Japanese Chinese teaching class. This paper shows the politeness between Chinese and Japanese from the aspects of pleasantries, thanks and apology, refusal and taboos, and compares the differences of the two languages with examples in different aspects. The specific use of politeness in different situations. According to the western politeness principle, this paper briefly analyzes the emphasis and characteristics of Japanese and Chinese politeness in following politeness principle. In the classroom of teaching Chinese to Japan, according to the different characteristics of the teaching material and the students' Chinese language level, in the scope of the students' understanding ability, make a little link to the Chinese polite language and cultural knowledge, through the teaching method, the contrast method, the practice. By enumerating methods such as teaching and practicing, Japanese students can have an intuitive understanding and experience of the polite language and culture of the Chinese nationality in spoken and reading classes. On this basis, To guide students to compare Chinese politeness with the politeness habits of their own country, so as to show the differences and memorize more vividly. Combining with the students' specific conditions and the characteristics of the teaching materials, this paper makes a timely comparison of the Chinese and Japanese cultures, which can help the students to master Chinese more smoothly and make them more comfortable in using Chinese to communicate with each other.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195.3

【参考文献】