对外汉语教学中的普及化等级离合词教学研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 09:36

【摘要】：离合词是现代汉语中的一种特殊语言现象，把汉语作为第二语言学习的学习者（以下简称汉语学习者）往往不容易掌握其特点和用法，离合词也就成为对外汉语教学的难点。我们依据《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分（国家标准）》（以下简称《等级划分》），选取其中的普及化等级离合词作为研究对象，通过对普及化离合词的“合”形式和离析形式进行分析研究，确定离合词的结构、常用离析形式并进而分析出每一个离合词的离析情况。运用定量分析的方法，划分出普及化等级离合词的“合”形式难度等级和离析形式难度等级，为对外汉语教学中的普及化等级离合词教学提供教学参考。本文共分为五大部分：第一部分，引言。主要介绍本文研究的内容、意义、研究方法和理论依据，并说明本文研究所使用的语料的来源，对离合词的研究情况进行综述。第二部分，普及化等级离合词的确定与分析。根据《等级划分》，首先确定本文的研究范围为普及化等级的73个离合词，并从本体研究的角度分析普及化等级离合词的性质和离析情况，借助北京大学CCL语料库对确定出来的离合词进行逐一全面地考察，我们总结出普及化等级离合词的离析形式。根据离析形式的离析方式的复杂程度的不同，我们对离析形式进行了分级处理，确定了14种常用离析形式，，并据此对每一个普及化等级离合词的离析情况进行考察。第三部分，普及化等级离合词习得情况考察与难度等级划分。通过对普及化等级离合词“合”形式习得情况和离析形式习得情况的分别考察，得到汉语学习者使用离合词的“合”形式的偏误率和离析形式的偏误率，并以偏误率为依据，尝试对离合词“合”形式和离析形式分别进行了难度等级划分，并对每一个离合词的离析形式进行了难度排序。第四部分，普及化等级离合词教学策略和教学建议。我们认为在对外汉语教学中，既要重视普及化等级离合词的教学，又要重视汉语学习者的学习过程，也要重视语法点的讲解顺序，还要完善教材中对普及化等级离合词的编写。我们认为，既要注意对普及化等级离合词进行逐一讲解，对离析形式的讲解要与语法点结合，还要注意机械性训练，关注汉语学习者可能出现偏误的语法点，重视汉语学习者母语的干扰。第五部分，结语。全面总结本文的研究内容。
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in modern Chinese. Chinese learners who learn Chinese as a second language (hereinafter referred to as Chinese learners) often do not grasp its characteristics and usage easily, and clutch words become a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. According to the Chinese syllabic Chinese word grading (National Standard) for Chinese International Education (hereinafter referred to as "Grade Classification"), we choose the popularized gradation word as the research object. Through the analysis and study of the "combination" form and the segregation form of the popular disjunctive words, the structure of the ionization words is determined, and the segregation forms are commonly used, and then the segregation situation of each ionization word is analyzed. By using the method of quantitative analysis, the author classifies the degree of difficulty of "conjunction" form and the level of difficulty of segregation form of universal grade words, and provides a teaching reference for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in the course of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, introduction. This paper mainly introduces the content, significance, research methods and theoretical basis of this study, and explains the source of the corpus used in this study, and summarizes the research situation of the clutch words. The second part is about the determination and analysis of the universal gradation words. According to the classification of grades, the research scope of this paper is first determined to be 73 ionization words of universal grade, and the nature and segregation of these words are analyzed from the perspective of ontology research. With the help of the CCL corpus of Peking University, we have made a comprehensive investigation of the identified ionization words one by one, and we have summed up the segregation forms of the popularized gradation words. According to the different degree of complexity of the segregation form, we have classified the segregation form, determined 14 common segregation forms, and investigated the segregation of each popularized gradation word. In the third part, the author investigates the acquisition of generalized gradation and classifies the degree of difficulty. Based on the investigation of the acquisition of the "combination" and the "combination" of the generalized gradation, the error rate of the Chinese learners using the "combination" form and the error rate of the segregation form are obtained, and the error rate is based on the error rate. This paper attempts to classify the form of "conjunction" and the form of segregation of clutch words into difficulty levels, and makes a ranking of the degree of difficulty in the form of segregation of each word. In the fourth part, the teaching strategies and teaching suggestions of generalized gradation disjunctive words are discussed. In teaching Chinese as a foreign language, we should not only pay attention to the teaching of universal gradation words, but also pay attention to the learning process of Chinese learners, pay attention to the explaining sequence of grammatical points, and improve the compilation of universal gradation words in textbooks. In our opinion, we should pay attention to explaining one by one the generalized gradation words, combining the explanation of segregation form with grammatical points, paying attention to mechanical training and paying attention to the grammatical points where Chinese learners may have errors. Pay attention to the interference of Chinese learners' mother tongue. The fifth part, conclusion. Summarize the research content of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H195

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