Heart和“心”的概念隐喻对比研究

发布时间：2019-02-09 19:18

【摘要】：人类对世界的认知规律是人总是把自己的身体作为衡量周围事物的标准,把对自己身体的认知形成的经验映射到外在的、不熟悉的、抽象的事物上,从而构建新的概念,这就形成了人体隐喻化。由此看见,身体及器官是人类认知世界的基础。“心”是人体最重要的器官之一,控制人体全身的血液,与人类各种活动有着密切的关系,在构造和理解事物的过程中有着重要的作用。本文在Lakoff和Johnson的体验哲学和意象图式的指导下,运用大量语料数据,主要采用对比研究法、描写与解释相结合法,对“心”的隐喻表达意义建构进行研究,建构了“心为实体、心为容器、心为有机体”三个认知模式,并借助意象图式理论对各个模式进行了隐喻的映射分析,探究了“心”隐喻表达的意义建构的理据。文章语料主要来源于：英国国家语料库、北京大学汉语语言学研究中心现代汉语语料库和北京外国学大学中国外语教育研究中心中英双语语料。在语料库的基础上,笔者又结合了英语词典和汉语词典对两种语言中含有“心”的表达进行了解释。这些语料主要是短语、习语和句子。一共321条,129条英语语料和192条汉语语料。研究发现,由于共同的心理、生理基础,英汉语中“心”的隐喻表达有很大的相似性,揭示了英汉隐喻源于同样的身体经验。然而,在不同的语境和文化背景下,“心”在英汉语表达中有着不同的概念隐喻,反映了中、西方在认知取向上的不同,揭示了不同民族在认知新事物、构建新概念、建立推理机制以及形成思维方式和人类认识客观世界的能力方面的异同。本文从认知的角度对英汉“心”的概念隐喻对比研究作了较为全面的探讨,在一定程度上弥补了目前对于“心”隐喻研究的不足,同时证实了隐喻的认知本质和人类思维的隐喻性。另外,这项研究将对英汉语的词汇教学有一定价值。
[Abstract]:The law of human cognition of the world is that people always use their own body as the criterion for measuring the things around them, and map the experience formed by cognition of their own body to external, unfamiliar, abstract things, thus constructing a new concept. This creates metaphorization of the human body. From this we can see that the body and organs are the basis of human cognition of the world. "Heart" is one of the most important organs of human body. It controls the blood of human body and has a close relationship with all kinds of human activities. It plays an important role in the process of constructing and understanding things. Under the guidance of the experiential philosophy and image schema of Lakoff and Johnson, this paper, using a large amount of corpus data, mainly adopts the method of contrastive research, the combination of description and explanation, to study the construction of metaphorical expression meaning of "heart", which constructs "mind as entity". With the help of the theory of image schema, this paper analyzes the metaphorical mapping of each model, and probes into the motivation for the meaning construction of the metaphorical expression of "heart". The main sources of this paper are the National Corpus of England, the Modern Chinese Corpus of the Center for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University and the Chinese-English Bilingual Corpus of China Foreign language Education Research Center of Beijing University of Foreign Studies. On the basis of corpus, the author combines English dictionary and Chinese dictionary to explain the expression of "heart" in the two languages. These are mainly phrases, idioms and sentences. A total of 321, 129 English and 192 Chinese corpus. It is found that due to the common psychological and physiological basis, the metaphorical expression of "heart" in English and Chinese has great similarity, which reveals that English and Chinese metaphors originate from the same body experience. However, in different contexts and cultural backgrounds, "Xin" has different conceptual metaphors in English and Chinese expression, which reflects the differences in cognitive orientation between China and the West, and reveals that different nationalities are cognizing new things and constructing new concepts. The similarities and differences in establishing reasoning mechanism and forming thinking mode and human's ability to understand the objective world. In this paper, the contrastive study of conceptual metaphor of "heart" in English and Chinese is discussed from the cognitive point of view, which to some extent makes up for the deficiency of the present study of "heart" metaphor. It also confirms the cognitive nature of metaphor and the metaphorical nature of human thinking. In addition, this study will be of some value to vocabulary teaching in English and Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H313;H136

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