状语的位置及其语义分析

发布时间：2019-02-14 21:58

【摘要】：现代汉语中状语的位置有三种，即位于主语前的句首状语，位于主语与谓语之间的句中状语，位于谓语后的句末状语。状语在句中的位置受到句法、语义等因素的制约，移位现象虽然存在，却也要受到诸多的限制。句首状语的移位要受到语义辖域等因素的制约，主要表现在句首状语修饰或限定的范围是后续整个事件或状态，并非单独关涉谓语，因此，一些句首状语不能后移。此外，有些句首状语是限定整个事件发生或存在的条件，这种限定是后续事件进行或判断成立的一个条件，脱离这个条件，句子将改变原意或者无法成立。句中状语受到语义搭配、词语独立性等因素的制约，因其直接关涉中心语，可以理解为动词的一个动态义项，一般不具备修饰或限定整个句子的能力。句末状语一般是对话题的补充，往往是叙述事件后表示追加的信息，可以是时间、处所等。这些限制使状语的三种位置各有其特殊的表意作用，不能随意移位。同时，三种位置上的状语有其共同的限制条件，，存在着可以相互间移位的规律。另外一个制约状语在三种位置间移位的重要因素就是时间顺序原则，这也是呈现镜像的两个成分存在表意差别的一个重要原因。状语与其镜像结构以核心动词为视点，核心动词前的状语倾向于呈现主观可控性的一面，模糊的性状描摹性较强，而核心动词后的镜像结构呈现出客观描述性的一面，确切的数量说明性较强。
[Abstract]:There are three kinds of adverbial positions in modern Chinese, namely, the adverbial before the subject, the adverbial between the subject and the predicate, and the final adverbial after the predicate. The position of adverbial in sentence is restricted by syntactic and semantic factors. The shift of the initial adverbial is restricted by the semantic domain and other factors. The main expression is that the scope of modification or limitation of the adverbial is the whole subsequent event or state, which is not related to the predicate alone, so some adverbials can not be moved back. In addition, some adverbials are the conditions that define the occurrence or existence of the whole event, and this qualification is a condition for the subsequent event to be carried out or judged to be valid. Without this condition, the sentence will change its original meaning or fail to hold. The adverbial in a sentence is restricted by semantic collocation and lexical independence. Because it is directly related to the central language, it can be understood as a dynamic meaning of a verb, and it generally does not have the ability to modify or limit the whole sentence. The adverbial at the end of the sentence is usually a supplement to the topic, usually the supplementary information after describing the event, which can be time, place and so on. These restrictions make the three positions of adverbial have their special ideographic function and can not be shifted at will. At the same time, the adverbials in the three positions have their common restrictions and have the law of shifting each other. Another important factor restricting the shift of adverbials between the three positions is the principle of time order, which is also an important reason for the differences between the two components of mirror images. The adverbial and its mirror structure take the core verb as the point of view, the adverbial before the core verb tends to present the subjective controllable side, the fuzzy character is more descriptive, and the mirror structure after the core verb presents an objective descriptive side. The exact quantity is more illustrative.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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