新“被XX”构式的认知研究

发布时间：2019-02-24 16:13

【摘要】：2008年“被自杀”的流行，让“被XX”构式一出现就在互联网上快速流传开来。该构式打破了传统的语法规则，表达了更丰富的语用意义，吸引了众多学者的注意。论文首先从该构式的句法，语义，语用及认知成因方面对相关研究进行了综述。以人民网和凤凰网新闻中出现的“被XX”语料作为研究内容，从句法语义限制和认知理据的研究角度对以下几个问题进行研究：1）跟传统的“被”字句相比，新型的被构式有哪些独特的句法，语义和语用特征？2）这些句法，语义和语用特征形成的认知理据是什么？基于对大量语料的比较和分析，作者对该构式的句法、语义和语用特征进行了比较详细的描写。特征总结如下：从句法层面来看，进入新构式的句法成分多样化；有隐形的施动者，，但是不能在句中出现。从语义层面看，语义角色冲突，受事性降低，语义的主观性和否定性增强。从语用层面看，该构式表达了更加丰富的语用意义，除了表示对经历者的同情和隐形施动者的厌恶，还增加了反讽和嘲笑的意味。原有构式的事件性降低，主观性增强，使不符合语法规则的现象变得合理，同时是丰富语用意义产生的原因。文章结合语言的语观性和主观化理论对以上的特征做出了以下解释：从说话者的情感角度来看，该构式体现了说话者对遭受者的同情和对强势的施动者的憎恶，说话者表达情感的需要使语义冲突趋于合理。从说话者的视角来看，说话者的视角更加主观，整个构式表达了说话者的主观否定态度，指称性减弱，主观描述性增强，从而使句法成分可以多样话。同时视角的转换消除了原有的句法限制，使句法成分多样化变得可以接受。从说话者的认识来看，该构式表达了对命题意义的否定判断。因为事件的发生出乎说话人的主观期待，说话者表达了对不合理事件的嘲笑和讽刺。本研究对语言理论学建设和语言教学有一定的启发作用。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the popularity of "suicide" made the "XX" structure quickly spread on the Internet. The construction breaks the traditional grammatical rules, expresses more pragmatic meanings, and attracts the attention of many scholars. Firstly, this paper reviews the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive causes of the construction. Based on the XX corpus appearing in people's Daily and Phoenix New Media's news, this paper studies the following questions from the perspective of syntactic and semantic restriction and cognitive motivation: 1) comparing with the traditional "Bei" sentence; What are the unique syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the new construction? 2) what are the cognitive motivations for these syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features? Based on the comparison and analysis of a large number of corpus, the author describes the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the construction in detail. The features are summarized as follows: from the syntactic level, the syntactic components entering the new constructions are diversified; there are invisible operators, but they cannot be found in the sentence. From the semantic level, semantic role conflict, the decline of receptivity, semantic subjectivity and negative enhancement. From a pragmatic point of view, the construction expresses a richer pragmatic meaning, which not only expresses sympathy for the experienced and the aversion of the invisible actors, but also increases the implication of irony and ridicule. The reduction of the event nature of the original construction and the enhancement of subjectivity make the phenomenon which does not conform to the grammatical rules reasonable and the reason for the enrichment of pragmatic meaning. Based on the linguistic and subjective theories of language, this paper makes the following explanations: from the perspective of the speaker's emotion, the construction reflects the speaker's sympathy for the victim and his abhorrence of the strong mover. The speaker's need to express emotion makes semantic conflict more reasonable. From the perspective of the speaker, the speaker's perspective is more subjective, the whole construction expresses the speaker's subjective negative attitude, the referential character is weakened, and the subjective descriptive nature is enhanced, so that the syntactic elements can be diversified. At the same time, the change of perspective eliminates the original syntactic restrictions and makes the diversity of syntactic components acceptable. From the perspective of the speaker, the construction expresses the negative judgment of the propositional meaning. Because the incident occurred beyond the subjective expectations of the speaker, the speaker expressed ridicule and satire on unreasonable events. This study has some enlightening effect on language theory construction and language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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