汉语“方”的本义及其语法化研究

发布时间：2019-03-06 09:54

【摘要】：“方”在汉语史上是一个具有众多语义的常用词，在发展过程中“方”引申出功能多样，意义繁复的虚词用法。“方”的虚词用法语法化的直接源头是“并、并船”义动词，但是和“旁（旁侧）”义的本义也密切相关。在汉语史中发现“方”的副词功能共有十一个义项，《诗经》时期“方”的副词明确呈现并发展出“时间副词”和“范围副词”两种功能，具有“刚刚”、“将要”、“正在”、“永远”、“共”、“都”等六种词义，在先秦时期及以后的作品中还发现了“方”的其他副词义，如“已经”、“才”、“只”等。功能已经相当复杂的副词“方”并未停止它继续语法化的进程，又发展出承接副词、语气（肯定）副词、情状副词的功能。从意义层面上看，表示“并船”义的动词“方”其义素可以分析为：【+两个或两个以上物体】、【+合在一起】、【+空间位置上平排】。以上义素与“方”的“刚”等副词义项可能有或密或疏的联系，并制约副词“方”的发展。 “方”的介词功能产生略晚于副词功能，在先秦时期就已经出现并延续使用到清朝，它的直接来源是表“正在”义的同时时间副词“方3”，但动词“方”的“并船”义对介词“方”的产生也有一定的影响。本论文共分为五大部分：第一章：绪论，主要描述前辈时贤对“方”的研究状况，提出本课题的虚体意义及价值，并简要阐述本文的研究方法与语料选择。第二章：“方”的词义溯源，综述前人对于“方”字本义研究，从行、音、义的角度赞同“方”本义为“旁”的观点，并理清“方”的引申义和假借义。第三章：讨论副词“方“的产生及功能意义的发展，并深入探究其副词各个义项的语法意义以及诱发语法化的机制。第四章：“方”的介词用法只有一个表示时间的功能，综述前人关于时间介词“方”的语法化路径的基础上，论述介词“方”的产生极其语法化动因，及以“方”作为构词语素构词的双音节介词“方当”的意义和来源。第五章：总结“方”的本义和词义引申系统，概括虚词“方”的产生及动因，，描绘“方”的意义极其发展路线。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese, "Fang" is a common word with many semantics. In the process of development, "Fang" has a variety of functions and complicated meanings. The direct source of the function word of "Fang" in French is the semantic verb "Union, concurrence", but it is also closely related to the original meaning of "side (side)". In the history of Chinese, it is found that there are eleven meanings of the adverb function of "Fang". In the period of the Book of songs, the adverbs of "Fang" clearly presented and developed two functions of "adverb of time" and "adverb of scope", which have the functions of "just" and "will". In the pre-Qin period and later works, other adverb meanings of "Fang" have been found, such as "already", "just", "only", and so on, among the six meanings of "being", "forever", "Communist" and "du". The complex adverb "Fang" has not stopped the process of grammaticalization and developed the functions of following adverbs, modal adverbs and modal adverbs. At the level of meaning, the verb "square", which denotes the meaning of "parallel ship", can be analyzed as: [two or more objects], [together], and [horizontal in space]. The above-mentioned sememes may have a close or sparse connection with the adverb "Gang" of "Fang", and restrict the development of the adverb "Fang". The preposition function of "Fang" is a little later than the function of adverb. It has appeared and continued to be used in the Qing Dynasty in the pre-Qin period. Its direct source is that the adverb "Fang 3" is at the same time of meaning, and the adverb "Fang 3" is at the same time of meaning. However, the parallel meaning of the verb "Fang" also has a certain influence on the preposition "Fang". This paper is divided into five parts: chapter one: introduction, which mainly describes the research status of Fang by the forefathers, puts forward the significance and value of this topic, and briefly expounds the research methods and corpus selection of this paper. Chapter two: tracing the origin of the meaning of the word "Fang", summarizing the previous studies on the original meaning of the word "Fang", agreeing with the viewpoint that the original meaning of "Fang" is "side" from the point of view of line, sound and meaning, and clarifying the quoted meaning and false meaning of "Fang". The third chapter discusses the generation of adverb "Fang" and the development of its functional meaning, and probes into the grammatical meaning of its adverb and the mechanism of inducing grammaticalization. Chapter four: the usage of preposition of "Fang" has only one function of expressing time. On the basis of summarizing the grammaticalization path of the preposition "Fang" of time, this paper discusses the generation of preposition "Fang" and its grammaticalization motivation. And the meaning and source of the disyllabic preposition Fangdang, which uses Fang as morpheme. The fifth chapter summarizes the original meaning and the extended system of the word meaning, generalizes the origin and motivation of the function word "Fang", and describes the meaning and the developing route of the word "Fang".
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

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