从顺应论角度研究《围城》中的语码转换

发布时间：2019-03-16 06:44

【摘要】：小说《围城》自出版以来就引起了评论界剧烈的反响。传统的文学批评往往从幽默入手研究小说的语言特色和文体特征。而语码转换作为小说的另一个语言特色却遭到忽视，对于这种特殊的语言现象，语言学家们一般从社会语言学的“标记理论”来分析其社会功能、语言特点以及影响因素等，却很少从语用功能方面来分析其在小说中的作用以及对作者意图的实现中的作用。本文拟从另外一个角度，即顺应论来分析《围城》中的语码转换。语码转换是一种普遍而复杂的语言现象，是语言使用者在同一语篇中从使用一种语言或变体转到使用另外一种语言或变体。而小说中的语码转换往往对人物性格的塑造、对作者写作意图的实现都有着重要的作用。从上世纪七十年代以来，语码转换就受到广泛的关注，仅从语言学上来说，就有社会语言学、心理语言学、会话分析、语法学等路向来探讨语码转换。然而它们只是从某一个方面解释语码转换的某一个特征，并不能全面充分地解释其机制和功能问题。本文运用Verschueren的顺应论和于国栋的语用模式为理论框架，分析《围城》中的语码转换所遵循的语法规则以及它们的不同的语用功能。通过分析表明，语码转换作为一种特殊的交际手段，是语言使用者为了成功交际而对语言现实、社会规约和心理动机的顺应，它可以帮助人们更加方便的进行言语表达，避免由于谈论社会禁忌问题带来的尴尬，满足人们各种心理要求，如缓和气氛、制造幽默、炫耀等。《围城》中语码转换的出现不是杂乱无章、随机安排的，是有规律的，是作者精心设计来参与人物性格塑造的。语言与社会文化不可分割，小说中的语码转换与当时的社会背景是紧密相关的，社会背景决定了文学作品中语码转换的使用。通过对《围城》中语码转换的分析，不仅可以了解到小说中语码转换的功能和作用，帮助读者更好的理解小说和作者的写作意图，，还能激发语言学习者和使用者对语码转换这种现象的深刻认识以及学习兴趣。同时，也能丰富钱钟书研究以及《围城》研究，也可以对顺应论进行系统的验证，促进理论的发展。
[Abstract]:The novel "besieged City" has caused a sharp reaction from the critics since it was published. Traditional literary criticism often starts with humor to study the linguistic and stylistic features of novels. As another linguistic feature of the novel, code-switching has been neglected. For this special linguistic phenomenon, linguists generally analyze its social function, linguistic characteristics and influential factors from the "marker theory" of sociolinguistics. However, very little analysis of its role in the novel and the realization of the author's intention is made from the perspective of pragmatic function. This paper intends to analyze code-switching in besieged City from another angle, i.e. adaptation theory. Code-switching is a universal and complex language phenomenon in which language users switch from one language or variant to another in the same text. Code-switching in novels often plays an important role in shaping the character and realizing the author's intention to write. Code-switching has been paid more and more attention since 1970s. In linguistics alone, code-switching has been discussed in sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, conversational analysis, grammar and so on. However, they only explain a certain feature of code-switching from one aspect, and can not fully explain the mechanism and function of code-switching in an all-round way. Using Verschueren's adaptation theory and Yu Guodong's pragmatic model as the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the grammatical rules followed by code-switching and their different pragmatic functions in besieged City. The analysis shows that code-switching, as a special means of communication, is the adaptation of language users to language reality, social norms and psychological motivation in order to communicate successfully. It can help people to express themselves more conveniently. Avoid the embarrassment caused by talking about social taboos and satisfy all kinds of psychological demands of people, such as easing the atmosphere, creating humor, showing off, and so on. The appearance of code-switching in the besieged City is not chaotic, randomly arranged, but regular. It was carefully designed by the author to take part in shaping the character of the character. Language and social culture are inseparable. Code-switching in the novel is closely related to the social background at that time. The social background determines the use of code-switching in literary works. Through the analysis of code-switching in "besieged City", we can not only understand the function and function of code-switching in novels, but also help readers to better understand the writing intention of novels and authors. It can also stimulate the deep understanding and interest of language learners and users about the phenomenon of code-switching. At the same time, it can enrich the study of Qian Zhongshu and besieged city, also can systematically verify the adaptation theory and promote the development of the theory.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H136

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