德英汉国际词语对比研究

发布时间：2019-03-20 10:31

【摘要】：在当今的全球化时代，外语已成为我们必须掌握的基本能力，阅读外语刊物和信息也早已成为我们日常生活中重要的部分。我们只需随手翻开任何一份外语报刊或杂志，无论是娱乐版、体育版、政治版或经济版，即使你从未学过这种语言，也总能认出几个单词，有时甚至可能“猜出”成句成段的意思。如果我们到国外旅游，我们来到一家餐厅就餐，就算我们并不熟悉当地的语言，也能点上几道菜肴，要来想喝的饮料。例如德国人在美国或者法国就餐时，就算不会英语或法语，也能毫无困难地叫上Kaffee, Pizza,Cola, Hamburger, Spaghetti等。当然，这一切应该都有一个前提条件，那就是语言拥有相同的文字系统，例如都使用基于拉丁语的字母系统。这一类在世界多种语言中出现的、具有国际影响力的“共有”词语就是本论文研究的对象——国际词语。由于国际化和全球化的影响，各个国家之间的联系越来越密切，国际词的数量在不断攀升。国际词的研究很有意义，它不仅是一个语言学问题，不仅对外语教学和翻译有重大影响，而且是一个文化和社会问题，对于研究跨文化和跨语言的国际交流研究也有重要意义。本论文是基于语料库的对比研究，而网络就是这些语料库重要的来源，语料库收集了现代德语中常用的国际词语。本文对之进行分类研究，，即运用词汇学分析方法对这类特殊语料进行词源学、构词法、词素结构及社会语言学诸方面的研究。对例词所属的社会范畴进行分类分析显示，国际词存在于社会生活各个领域，影响着我们生活的方方面面。现代德语中的不少国际词语都同时存在于英语、法语等其他西方主要语言中，但它们的形态特征并不是都一模一样，而往往需要根据本族语言系统的特点进行适应和变化，有些则被吸收同化，因此常会存在不同范畴的差异性。这种差异可能是语音、字母、词素或词形范畴的，也有的涉及语法、语义和语用多层面或领域。紧接着是对中文里的国际词语现象进行探讨。关于国际词语的研究在中国少之又少，所以就有一系列最基本的问题需要首先搞清楚，例如：中文里是否有国际词？怎样确认和划分中文里的国际词？中文里的国际词有什么特别之处？论文选用了四类常用国际词：CEO（首席执行官,词形借词）, Blog（部落格，纯音译）,Bar（酒吧，音译加表意）, Facebook（脸书,直译），分别从德语和中文的不同处理方法进行横向对比分析。最后阐述了国际词汇的影响和意义。
[Abstract]:In today's era of globalization, foreign language has become the basic ability of us to master, and the reading of foreign language publications and information has also become an important part of our daily life. We just need to open up any foreign language newspaper or magazine, whether it's an entertainment, a sports, a political, or an economic, even if you've never learned such a language, you can always recognize a few words, and sometimes even the "guess" of a sentence. If we travel abroad, we go to a restaurant to eat, even if we are not familiar with the local language, we can also have a few dishes to drink. For example, when the Germans dined in the United States or France, even if they don't speak English or French, it can be called Kaffee, Pizza, Cola, Hamburger, Spaghetti and so on. All of this should, of course, have a prerequisite, that is, the language has the same text system, for example, the Latin-based alphabet system is used. This class of "common", which has international influence in many languages of the world, is the subject _ international term of this thesis. Due to the impact of internationalization and globalization, the links between countries are becoming more and more close, and the number of international words is increasing. The study of international terms is of great significance. It is not only a linguistic problem, but also has a great impact on foreign language teaching and translation, but also a cultural and social problem. It is also important to study the international exchange of cross-cultural and cross-language. This paper is based on a corpus-based comparative study, and the network is the important source of these corpora, and the corpus collects the countries that are commonly used in modern German This paper makes a study on the classification of such special materials by using the lexicology analysis method in terms of etymology, word-formation, morpheme structure and sociolinguistics. The classification and analysis of the social category to which the word belongs, the international word exists in all fields of social life and affects the party of our life In modern German, many international terms exist in other western major languages, such as English and French, but their morphological characteristics are not identical, and they often need to be adapted and changed according to the characteristics of the system, some of which are absorbed. Assimilation, therefore, there are different categories of the regular session. The difference may be in the category of speech, letter, morpheme, or word, but also to the multi-level of grammar, semantics and pragmatics. Or domain, followed by an international word in Chinese. The study of international terms is rare and few in China, so there is a series of the most basic questions that need to be clarified first, for example: in Chinese No international word? How to confirm and divide Chinese The international word in Chinese? International word in Chinese What's so special? The paper uses four kinds of common international words: CEO (CEO, word-shaped loan), Blog (blog, pure transliteration), Bar (bar, transliteration and ideographic), Facebook (Facebook, literal translation), and different processing methods from German and Chinese, respectively. To the comparative analysis. Finally, the international vocabulary is described.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136;H33;H313

【共引文献】