杨译《儒林外史》中文化专有项的翻译策略研究

发布时间：2019-04-25 19:56

【摘要】：翻译研究的“文化转向”使得国内外翻译研究者意识到翻译是一种跨文化交际行为，从文化角度来探讨翻译已经成为翻译研究的一个重要组成部分。文化差异给各民族之间的交往时常造成障碍。如何将文化专有项通过翻译在译入语中忠实地再现，日益成为翻译研究的一个热点。作为中华文化精髓的汉语典籍是全人类共同的宝贵精神财富。中国要立于世界民族之林，必须加强文化传播与交流,增强国家的软实力,因此典籍翻译不可或缺，中国典籍的翻译涉及诸多文化方面，如何翻译典籍中承载的文化是译者们面临的首要问题。目前有关文化专有项的翻译研究多为理论上的思辨，辅以少量例证，这种经验式的研究不利于准确观察和有效描述翻译过程中实际发生的语际转换规律,而描述翻译研究为文化专有项的翻译提供了一个新的视角，本文在描写译学的总体框架下，采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法，在观察语料的基础上描写汉语典籍英译中实际发生的文化专有项翻译策略，进而总结其规律，分析其深层制约因素。本研究首先通过艾克西拉关于文化专有项的理论确定何为文化专有项及其分类，然后随机选取典籍小说《儒林外史》六章中的文化专有项及杨宪益、戴乃迭译本中对应表达为语料，发现了十种类型的文化专有项和九种翻译方法，并分别统计出了这些文化专有项和翻译方法在源语和译语中分布情况，在此基础上描述翻译文化专有项呈现出异化和归化整体倾向性，，其中异化在文化专有项的翻译实践中占主体，而在异化翻译中又以语言（非文化）翻译频率最高。文化专有项翻译策略的选择受到语言、文化、译者立场、翻译目的的制约。研究发现：在汉语文化专有项的英译中，遵循源语文化的翻译方法多于遵循译语文化的翻译方法，其中语言翻译出现频率最高，其次是绝对泛化和意译在文化专有项翻译中运用也较为显著。统计表明，《儒林外史》中共有十种类型的文化专有项，以及九种文化专有项的英译方法，译者对翻译方法的选择受到诸如语言因素、文化因素、译者文化立场和翻译目的等因素的制约。总体而言，译者采用了“异化为主，归化为辅”的翻译策略来翻译《儒林外史》中的文化专有项，忠实地再现了中国文化，最大程度保留和传递了源语文化信息，使汉语典籍英译成为传播民族文化的重要媒介。
[Abstract]:The "cultural turn" of translation studies makes translation researchers at home and abroad realize that translation is a kind of cross-cultural communicative behavior. It has become an important part of translation studies to explore translation from the perspective of culture. Cultural differences often create obstacles to communication among ethnic groups. How to reproduce cultural exclusive items faithfully in target language through translation has become a hot topic in translation studies. As the quintessence of Chinese culture, Chinese classics are the precious spiritual wealth common to all mankind. In order to stand in the national forest of the world, China must strengthen the cultural communication and exchange, and strengthen the soft power of the country. Therefore, the translation of classical books in China is indispensable, and the translation of Chinese classics involves many cultural aspects. How to translate the culture in classical books is the primary problem faced by translators. At present, translation studies on culture-specific items are mostly theoretical speculation, supplemented by a small number of examples. This empirical study is not conducive to the accurate observation and effective description of the rules of inter-language transition that actually occur in the process of translation. The study of descriptive translation provides a new perspective for the translation of cultural specialties. Under the overall framework of descriptive translation, this thesis adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods. On the basis of observing the data, this paper describes the cultural translation strategies that actually occur in the translation of Chinese classics into English, and then sums up its laws and analyzes its deep-seated restrictive factors. This study first determines what cultural exclusivity is and its classification through Ecksira's theory of cultural exclusivity, and then randomly selects the cultural exclusivity and Yang Xianyi in the six chapters of the classical novel "History of the outside of Confucianism". Ten types of cultural specialties and nine translation methods have been found in Dai Naidi's translation, and the distribution of these cultural exclusivity and translation methods in the source language and target language has been calculated respectively. On this basis, the description of cultural exclusivity of translation shows an overall tendency of foreignization and domestication, in which foreignization is the main body in the translation practice of cultural exclusivity, and in foreignization translation, linguistic (non-cultural) translation is the most frequent. The choice of cultural exclusive translation strategy is restricted by language, culture, translator's position and translation purpose. It is found that in the English translation of Chinese culture-specific items, the translation methods following the source culture are more than those following the target culture, and the frequency of language translation is the highest, among which the source culture translation method is more frequent than the target language culture translation method. Secondly, absolute generalization and free translation are also used in culture-specific translation. Statistics show that there are ten types of cultural specialties in the History of Confucianism and nine cultural-specific English translation methods. The translator's choice of translation methods is influenced by such factors as language and culture. The restriction of the translator's cultural stand and translation purpose and so on. In general, the translator adopts the translation strategy of "foreignization as the main part and domestication as a supplement" to translate the cultural exclusivity in the History of Confucianism, faithfully reproduces the Chinese culture, and preserves and transmits the cultural information of the source language to the maximum extent. The translation of Chinese classics into English has become an important medium for the dissemination of national culture.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H059;I046

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