从语用预设角度看手机短信中的幽默

发布时间：2019-05-10 01:11

【摘要】：随着科技的进步,手机已经成为人们日常沟通的主要手段和工具之一。手机短信作为手机众多功能之一,具有其独特的特点。手机短信因其价格低廉、方便快捷、异步互动、多变可存等众多优点而倍受人们的青睐。而幽默手机短信,除了传递信息之外,还给人们带来各种愉悦的心情。幽默言语是人类智慧的结晶,总是预期达到某种致笑效果。幽默手机短信作为幽默言语的一种,随着手机的广泛使用也日益成为了人们日常生活一种普遍的现象。言语幽默的生成机制十分复杂,哲学家,修辞学家、心理学家、社会学家等对于幽默语言的致笑机制作了大量的研究,得出了很多建设性的结论。语言学家从会话含义和关联理论等多个角度对此进行了深入的分析。在语言学界,预设也曾被认为是产生幽默效果的原因之一,但该方面的研究还较少,从语用预设角度研究幽默手机短信的就更少。基于以前的研究,本文从语用预设的角度,采用定性研究的方法,通过理论阐述的方式,解释什么是语用预设,语用预设的触发机制及语用预设的特点。在此基础上,对若干选自于美国互联网上的幽默手机短信进行分析。笔者将首先通过各种形式的语用预设触发语找出手机短信中的语用预设,进而讨论语用预设的特征与幽默手机短信幽默效果的成功传递之间的关系。通过研究发现,语用预设是说话人的预设,将句子的意义与语境紧密地联系在一起。语用预设的触发因素包括词汇因素,句法因素和语音因素。其中,语音因素多体现在口语语料中,而词汇因素和句法因素更易反应在书面语当中。词汇因素中又以专有名词,事实动词,有隐含意义的词,表示状态改变的词,表示重复性动作或状态的词以及表示判断的词等等居多。句法因素有含比较级的句子,掉尾句,时间状语从句,非限制性定语从句,虚拟条件句,问句等等。语用预设具有合适性、共知性、可撤销性、主观性及隐蔽性的特征。其中,合适性是促使幽默手机短信产生了幽默效果的前提。共知性是幽默手机短信幽默效果得以成功传达的保障。可撤销性促发幽默效果的产生。主观性不利于幽默手机短息幽默效果的实现。隐蔽性使幽默手机短信的语言具有简洁的特征。本文通过以上研究希望能够揭示幽默言语幽默效果的根本原因所在,深化人们对日常语言现象的理解,拓宽幽默言语研究的视野。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, mobile phone has become one of the main means and tools of daily communication. As one of the many functions of mobile phone, mobile phone short message has its unique characteristics. Mobile phone short message is favored by people because of its low price, convenient and fast, asynchronous interaction, changeable memory and so on. Humorous mobile phone text messages, in addition to sending messages, but also bring people a variety of happy mood. Humorous speech is the crystallization of human wisdom, always expected to achieve a certain laughing effect. As a kind of humorous speech, humorous mobile phone text message has increasingly become a common phenomenon in people's daily life with the wide use of mobile phone. The generating mechanism of verbal humor is very complex. Philosophers rhetoric psychologists sociologists and so on have done a lot of research on the funny mechanism of humorous language and have drawn a lot of constructive conclusions. Linguists have made a deep analysis of this from the perspectives of conversational implicature and relevance theory. In linguistics, presupposition has been considered as one of the reasons for humorous effect, but the research on this aspect is still less, especially from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition. From the perspective of pragmatic presupposition, this paper explains what pragmatic presupposition is, the trigger mechanism of pragmatic presupposition and the characteristics of pragmatic presupposition by means of qualitative research and theoretical elaboration. On this basis, a number of humorous mobile phone text messages selected from the United States Internet are analyzed. The author will first find out the pragmatic presupposition through various forms of pragmatic presupposition trigger, and then discuss the relationship between the characteristics of pragmatic presupposition and the successful transfer of humorous effect of humorous short message. Through the study, it is found that pragmatic presupposition is the speaker's presupposition, which closely links the meaning of the sentence with the context. The trigger factors of pragmatic presupposition include lexical factors, syntactic factors and phonetic factors. Among them, phonetic factors are mostly reflected in oral corpus, while lexical and syntactic factors are more easily reflected in written language. Lexical factors include proper nouns, factual verbs, words with implicit meanings, words that represent state changes, words that represent repetitive actions or states, words that indicate judgment, and so on. Syntactic factors include comparative sentences, closing sentences, temporal adverbial clauses, non-restrictive attributive clauses, hypothetical conditional sentences, questions and so on. Pragmatic presupposition has the characteristics of appropriateness, empathy, cancellability, subjectivity and concealment. Among them, appropriateness is the premise that the humorous mobile phone short message produces the humorous effect. Empathy is the guarantee for the successful communication of humor mobile phone short message humor effect. Cancellability promotes the emergence of humorous effects. Subjectivity is not conducive to the realization of short-interest humor effect on humorous mobile phones. Concealment makes the language of humorous mobile phone short message have concise characteristics. Through the above research, this paper hopes to reveal the root cause of humorous effect, deepen people's understanding of daily language phenomenon and broaden the field of vision of humorous speech research.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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