概念转喻的语用推理功能研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 10:25

【摘要】：随着认知语言学的发展,转喻不再被认为是简单的修辞装饰,而是作为人类认知和推理的一种基本思维方式。转喻思维已经成为我们日常言语行为的必要组成。语用推理历来是语用学研究的重点,其中的主要研究发现和理论成果有Grice(1975)的合作原则、Levinson(1983)的新格赖斯语用推理机制以及SperberWilson(1995)的关联理论等。然而,这些语用学理论并没有很好地解释为什么听话人能够快速且毫不费劲地理解说话人的意图,也没有系统深入地探索语用推理模式的本质及其认知理据。转喻思维模式能够有效弥补传统理论的不足,为言语行为中的语用推理提供基于认知视角的解释框架。本文借助邻近关系、Langacker(1993)的参照点理论和Lakoff(1987)的理想认知模型来阐释转喻的各种生成关系和认知运作机制,以此作为分析转喻语用推理功能研究的理论基础。鉴于间接言语行为的典型性,转喻的语用推理功能主要根据PantherThornburg(1999)的言语行为转喻理论来分析间接言语行为的语用推理过程。该理论认为转喻是一种“自然推理图式”,在间接言语行为中,说话人可以借用脚本中的一个成分段来激活和指代另一成分段或全部行为段,即通过转喻来阐释间接言语行为及其语用推理过程。考虑到言语交际是一个动态而非静态的互动过程,该理论引入了语用参数和言外ICMs(Idealized Cognitive Models)作为进一步完善。此外,空间合成理论从指称和言语行为两个层面分析了转喻对于语用推理的作用,弥补了传统言语行为转喻的局限性。因此,从转喻的视角研究间接言语行为可以补充和丰富语用学理论及相关的语言研究。本文的研究表明将转喻与语用推理相结合不仅能够探明转喻思维的本原性,也能够为语用推理提供合理的解释框架和认知理据。转喻对语用推理具有较强的解释力,有效弥补了传统理论的不足。此外,两者的结合对人们在语言运用中如何更好地运用转喻思维和开展互动式英语教学都有一定的借鉴意义。本文从转喻的角度阐释语用推理机制,为语用推理研究提供了一个全新的视角,也有助于启发其他学者关于转喻应用研究的兴趣。
[Abstract]:With the development of cognitive linguistics, metonymy is no longer regarded as a simple rhetorical decoration, but as a basic way of thinking of human cognition and reasoning. Metonymy thinking has become a necessary component of our daily speech acts. Pragmatic reasoning has always been the focus of pragmatics, among which the main findings and theoretical results are the new Grace pragmatic reasoning mechanism of Grice (1975)'s cooperative principle, Levinson (1983 and the relevance theory of SperberWilson (1995). However, these pragmatic theories do not explain why hearer can understand the intention of the speaker quickly and effortlessly, nor do they systematically and deeply explore the nature of pragmatic reasoning model and its cognitive motivation. Metonymy mode of thinking can effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional theories and provide a framework of interpretation based on cognitive perspective for pragmatic reasoning in speech acts. In this paper, the reference point theory of proximity relation, Langacker (1993 and the ideal cognitive model of Lakoff (1987) are used to explain the various generating relationships and cognitive operation mechanisms of metonymy, which can be used as the theoretical basis for the analysis of metaphorical pragmatic reasoning function. In view of the typicality of indirect speech act, the pragmatic reasoning function of metonymy is mainly based on PantherThornburg (1999) 's speech act metonymy theory to analyze the pragmatic reasoning process of indirect speech act. According to this theory, metonymy is a kind of "natural reasoning schema". In indirect speech acts, the speaker can use one segment of the script to activate and refer to the other segment or all the behavior segments. That is to say, indirect speech act and its pragmatic reasoning process are explained by metonymy. Considering that verbal communication is a dynamic rather than static interactive process, the theory introduces pragmatic parameters and ICMs (Idealized Cognitive Models) as further perfection. In addition, spatial synthesis theory analyzes the role of metonymy in pragmatic reasoning from two aspects of reference and speech act, which makes up for the limitations of traditional speech act metonymy. Therefore, the study of indirect speech acts from the perspective of metonymy can complement and enrich pragmatic theories and related linguistic studies. The research in this paper shows that the combination of metonymy and pragmatic reasoning can not only find out the original nature of metonymy thinking, but also provide a reasonable interpretation framework and cognitive motivation for pragmatic reasoning. Metonymy has strong explanatory power to pragmatic inference, which makes up for the deficiency of traditional theory. In addition, the combination of the two has certain reference significance for people to make better use of metonymy thinking and carry out interactive English teaching in language use. This paper explains the pragmatic reasoning mechanism from the perspective of metonymy, which provides a new perspective for the study of pragmatic reasoning and helps to inspire the interest of other scholars in the applied study of metonymy.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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