“你V”类话语标记研究

发布时间：2019-05-19 12:04

【摘要】：话语标记是口语会话中表达言者主观性的语言手段之一，对话语的生成和理解至关重要。本文在系统梳理国内外话语标记研究历史的基础上，对现代汉语“你V”类话语标记进行了全面考察，研究内容有以下四个方面：第一，辨析四个概念。话语标记与语用标记、元话语、插入语有着紧密联系。研究发现：从句法上看，元话语、话语标记、语用标记都是一种“插入”成分，插入语是它们的句法结构性特征。从话语层面分析，话语分两级，即基本话语和元话语。插入语中起补足句意的一类属于基本话语，而表达言者主观性的一类处于元话语层面，，其中形式固定程度较高的是语用标记，语用标记当中编码程序性意义的是话语标记，根据其语用意义聚焦的不同受众，可分为“表达主观性的话语标记”和“表达交互主观性的话语标记”。第二，探究形式和语义特征。本文考察的“你V”类话语标记包括“你看”类、“你说”类、“你听”类、“你想”类、“你知道”类和“你猜”类。它们的变体形式可通过以下四种手段实现：主语隐含、动词重叠、结构重叠、添加副词和语气词。“你V”类话语标记经历了三个发展阶段，即表示行为实义的引导标记“你V1”、表示认识情态义的征询标记“你V2”以及表示篇章义的话语标记“你V3”。作为话语标记的“你V”只能后续陈述句、感叹句和反问句，后续话语的语义只对言者确证。第三，分析话语功能。“你V”类话语标记主要发挥语篇连贯和人际互动两大功能。语篇连贯功能包括形式连贯和内容连贯。从形式上看，言谈双方通过对话轮进行延续和交替来维持交际进程；从内容上看，言者对话题进行组织处理，实现信息的传递。人际互动功能主要体现在言者移情、寻求认同、提请注意。一个会话语篇中的同一个话语标记可以同时发挥连贯功能和互动功能。第四，考察形成机制。“你V”类话语标记的形成受到语义、句法和语用这三方面的制约。句法上语法化，表现为结构的重新分析以及组合成分的去范畴化和再范畴化；语义上定型化，经由“你”和“V”语义的虚化到“你V”整体格式获得浮现意义；语用上主观化，包括语用推理和交互主观化。交互主观化是“你V”类话语标记形成的根本动因。
[Abstract]:Discourse markers are one of the linguistic means to express the subjectivity of speakers in oral conversation, which is very important to the generation and understanding of discourse. On the basis of systematically combing the research history of discourse markers at home and abroad, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation of "you V" discourse markers in modern Chinese. The research contents include the following four aspects: first, the discrimination of four concepts. Discourse markers are closely related to pragmatic markers, meta-discourse and inserts. From the syntactic point of view, meta-discourse, discourse markers and pragmatic markers are all "inserted" components, and inserts are their syntactic structural features. From the discourse level, discourse is divided into two levels, that is, basic discourse and meta-discourse. The category that complements the meaning of the sentence in the insert belongs to the basic discourse, while the subjectivity of the speaker is at the level of meta-discourse, in which pragmatic markers are the ones with a higher degree of formal fixation, and discourse markers are the ones that encode the procedural meaning of pragmatic markers. According to the different audiences whose pragmatic meaning focuses, they can be divided into "discourse markers expressing subjectivity" and "discourse markers expressing interaction subjectivity". Second, explore the form and semantic features. The discourse markers of "you V" in this paper include "you see" class, "you say" class, "you listen" class, "you want" class, "you know" class and "you guess" class. Their variant forms can be realized by the following four means: subject implication, verb overlap, structural overlap, adverbs and modal words. The discourse markers of "you V" have gone through three stages of development, namely, the guiding mark "you V1", which indicates the real meaning of behavior, the inquiry mark "you V 2", which indicates the understanding of modal meaning, and the discourse mark "you V3", which indicates the meaning of the text. As a discourse marker, "you V" can only follow the declarative sentence, exclamation sentence and rhetorical question, and the semantics of the subsequent discourse can only be confirmed by the speaker. Third, the analysis of discourse function. The "you V" discourse markers mainly play the two functions of discourse coherence and interpersonal interaction. The function of discourse coherence includes formal coherence and content coherence. From the formal point of view, the two sides maintain the process of communication through the continuation and alternation of the dialogue round; from the content point of view, the speaker organizes and processes the topic and realizes the transmission of information. The function of interpersonal interaction is mainly reflected in the empathy of the speaker, seeking recognition and drawing attention. The same discourse marker in a conference discourse can play a coherent and interactive function at the same time. Fourth, the formation mechanism is investigated. The formation of "you V" discourse markers is restricted by semantics, syntax and pragmatics. Syntactic grammaticalization is manifested in the re-analysis of structure and the de-categorization and re-categorization of combinational components, and the semantic stereotyping leads to the emergence of meaning in the overall format of "you" and "V" through the virtual meaning of "you" and "V". Pragmatic subjectivization, including pragmatic reasoning and interactive subjectivization. Interactive subjectivization is the fundamental motivation for the formation of "you V" discourse markers.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

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