贵阳市郊布依语使用现状及其语言变异

发布时间：2019-05-24 00:20

【摘要】：本文以贵阳市郊六个行政区（包括花溪区、乌当区、白云区、开阳县、修文县、清镇市）的布依语为调查对象，运用田野调查法、分析法、归纳法等研究方法，对当地布依语的使用现状、语音变化、词汇变化及语法变化等方面进行了介绍。布依语是贵阳市郊布依族的主要交际用语，，但因受到汉语的强力影响，当地布依语的语言使用情况与语音、词汇和语法都发生了不同程度的变化。从语言使用情况来看，贵阳市郊布依族呈聚居和杂散居两种状态，由于居住特点不同，母语使用上亦有差异。在杂散居区，只有极少数老人能说布依语，中年人能听懂一些简单的日常用语，青少年既听不懂也不会说，日常生活已完全转用汉语；在聚居区，会说布依语的人比杂散居区要多，有部分中年人也能用母语交流，青少年中还有少数人将布依语作为第二语言习得，出现语言“隔代传承”的特殊现象。从语言本体来看，当地布依语的语音、词汇、语法都发生了不同程度的变化：汉语西南官话的一部分送气音声母和一部分韵母进入了布依语语音系统；大量汉语西南官话词汇也进入了贵阳市郊的布依语词汇系统；另外，贵阳市郊布依语的语序也发生了变化，且有一部分汉语虚词进入了布依语语法系统。虽然汉语西南官话的借入丰富了贵阳市郊布依语的语音、词汇、语法系统，但是也对贵阳市郊布依语的使用产生了很大的影响，使当地布依语处于濒危状态。因此，在现代化语境下，如何保护贵阳市郊的布依语，笔者提出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the Buyi language of six administrative districts in the suburbs of Guiyang (including Huaxi District, Wudang District, Baiyun District, Kaiyang County, Xiuwen County, Qingzhen City) is taken as the object of investigation, and the methods of field investigation, analysis and induction are used. This paper introduces the current situation of the use of Buyi language, phonetic changes, lexical changes and grammatical changes. Buyi language is the main communicative language of Buyi nationality in the suburbs of Guiyang. However, due to the strong influence of Chinese, the language use, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of the local Buyi language have changed to varying degrees. From the point of view of language use, Buyi nationality in the suburbs of Guiyang is inhabited and scattered. Due to the different living characteristics, there are also differences in the use of mother tongue. In scattered areas, only a very small number of elderly people can speak Buyi, middle-aged people can understand some simple daily language, young people can neither understand nor speak, daily life has completely changed to Chinese; In the settlement area, more people can speak Buyi than in the scattered areas. Some middle-aged people can also communicate in their mother tongue. There are still a few young people who use Buyi as a second language to acquire Buyi as a second language, resulting in the special phenomenon of language "transmission from generation to generation". From the point of view of language Noumenon, the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of the local Buyi language have changed to varying degrees: a part of the southwest Chinese mandarin has entered the Buyi phonetic system; A large number of Chinese southwest Mandarin words have also entered the Buyi vocabulary system in the suburbs of Guiyang. In addition, the word order of Buyi language in the suburbs of Guiyang City has also changed, and some Chinese function words have entered the Buyi grammar system. Although the borrowing of southwest Chinese Mandarin enriches the phonetic, lexical and grammatical system of Guiyang suburban Buyi language, it also has a great influence on the use of Guiyang suburban Buyi language, which makes the local Buyi language in an endangered state. Therefore, in the modern context, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to protect the Buyi language in the suburbs of Guiyang.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H268

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