英汉介词研究的类型学视野
发布时间：2019-05-29 22:08
【摘要】：传统语言学对英汉介词的研究还基本停留在两种语言介词的语法化特征、语义功能和句法功能异同比较。按照研究视角和方法进行分类，这些研究可以划分为语法维度的研究和比较语言学维度的研究。但还存在以下局限性：1）不重视英汉语言内部的证据。2）不重视证据和语言事实的系统性。3）研究方法上，缺乏语言类型学的视野。 近年来，国内外也有一些有关英汉介词的类型、语序、句法功能特征的研究，，但还存在诸多不足：1）英汉语言都以前置介词为优势项，但两种语言中前置介词与其他主要参项组配之间具有怎样的语序相关性？英汉前置介词语序上与SVO语言的典型性语序特征是否和谐、一致？是否有变异？还未见有讨论。2）英汉介词的类型和语序与两种语言的基本语序之间存在怎样的相关性？涉及怎样的理据？讨论的不够。对英汉介词的研究，还多停留于形式描写，功能解释层面，从认知语言学、语言类型学角度开展的研究还很不够。3）英汉介词的语序受“联系项原则”（Principle of Relator/PR）（Dik,1983）、“核心相邻原则”（HeadProximity Principle/HPP）（Dik,1983）、“语序相似性原则”（Principle of Word OrderIconicity/PWOI）和“可别度领前原则（”Identifiability-Leading Principle/ILP）（Lambrecht,1994）的制约效果是否相同？这些语序原则之间具有怎样的竞争关系？英汉介词的“优-劣”势语序是否相同？涉及怎样的动因？研究的还很不够。4）英汉介词的语序自由度与其“前-后”置倾向性之间具有怎样的相关性？英语/汉语同类介词的语序自由度具有怎样的等级关系？有何异同？未见有讨论。5）英汉前置介词短语作定语与从句作定语之间存在怎样的语序相关性？具有怎样的动因？英汉前置介词与连词之间存在怎样的语序相关性？具有怎样的动因和启示等？讨论的不够。6）从文化、认知维度，考察英汉介词的类型、语序特征、规律及其动因等的研究，还显不足。许多有关英汉介词句法功能、特征的研究在理论和方法上具有一定的同质性。 本研究在评价和批判前人相关研究的基础上，提出自己的研究议题，确定本研究的视角、理论框架和方法等。借助British National Corpus-Brigham Young University（BNC-BYU）和Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese（LCMC）语料库，对相关英汉语料进行统计；分析和解释相关数据，概括结论。比较英汉介词的句法功能，找出异同及其规律，分析其中涉及的动因。 本研究以标记理论（Markedness Theory/MT）、“联系项原则”（RP）、“核心相邻原则”（HPP）、“语序相似性原则”（PWOI）、“焦点信息突显原则”（IFSP）、“可别度领前原则”（ILP）为框架，解释英汉介词前-后置的语序动因、介词的前-后置与其优劣势语序之间的相关性；比较上述语序原则对英汉介词的语序制约效果，考察英汉常用介词的语序自由度与其语序分布广度、前-后置倾向性之间的相关性及其规律。 本论文主要研究以下内容：1）英汉介词的类型及其语序特征。具体包括英汉介词的类型特征与其基本语序特征比较、英汉语言三类介词的语法化异同分析、英汉介词的语义结构对其类型－语序的影响、英汉介词的优势语序异同分析。2）英汉前置介词的语序及其句法制约功能。具体包括英汉前置介词的基本语序及其动因、英汉双层介词的句法-语义结构特征及其制约功能、英汉复杂介词的句法-语义结构特征及其制约功能、英汉介词的语序制约功能及其理据。3）英汉介词的句法分工及其标记模式。具体包括英汉介词的句法分工异同、英汉前置介词的题元功能比较、英汉介词的标记模式异同及其动因、英汉介词短语的语序与其基本语序的相关性及其动因、英汉介词与谓词的边界纠葛：从属语标记与核心标记。4）英汉介词的语序稳固性。具体包括英汉介词的语序自由度及其动因、英汉介词的前-后置倾向性及其句法标记度、英语/汉语同类介词的语序自由度及其句法标记度。 研究发现：1）英汉语言都有前置介词、后置介词和框式介词。两种语言中，前置介词相对于其他两类介词数量上占优势，尤其是英语。英汉介词的语义结构既影响其类型和语序，也影响其句法功能。2）英汉介词的语序类型与两种语言的基本语序之间是和谐关系，具有高度相关性。英汉介词的VPP/PPV语序的优劣势程度不同。英语中，介词以动后（VPP）语序格局为绝对优势语序，汉语中介词既有动前（PPV）语序格局，也有动后（VPP）语序格局，但以PPV为相对优势语序。3）英汉语言中，相同/相似题元关系的介词的标记模式具有不对称性。这种不对称性具有系统性和规律性，是有理可据的。“重度顺序原则”（HSP）（Hawkins,1983:78）对于英语、德语之类右分叉语言的介词语序具有很强的解释力，但对日语、汉语介词之类左分叉语言的介词语序不具解释力。4）英汉双层介词中，介词的语义抽象度与其离动词的距离无关，而与它们离所介引的名词性成分的远近有直接关系。语义抽象度对英汉双层介词的语序制约效果不同。“双层介词中，离动词越近的介词语义抽象度越高”（C. Lehmann,1992:403-404；刘丹青，2003:298），不符合英汉双层介词的实际。5）英汉“动-介”之间存在边界纠葛。这种边界纠葛在两种语言中的表现方式不同，有其规律性和理据性。6）英汉介词的优势语序是相关语序原则制约的结果，这些原则之间存在竞争关系。违背语序原则越多的句子，标记度越高。7）英汉介词的语序自由度存在等级关系，与其分布广度之间存在正比关系。英汉同类介词的语序自由度不同，有其内部规律性。
[Abstract]:In the traditional linguistics, the study of the prepositions of English and Chinese has also basically remained in the syntactic features, the semantic function and the syntactic function of the prepositions of the two languages. According to the research perspective and the method, these studies can be divided into the study of the grammatical dimension and the study of the comparative linguistics. But there are the following limitations:1) no emphasis is placed on the evidence in the English-Chinese language.2) There is no emphasis on the system of evidence and language facts.3) There is a lack of visual field of language typology in the research methods. In recent years, there are also some researches on the type, order and syntactic function of English and Chinese prepositions at home and abroad. What is the order correlation between prepositions and other key words in the two languages On the Harmony between English and Chinese Prepositions and the Characteristics of the Atypical Word Order in the SVO Language; To? Do you have any changes what is the correlation between the type and the order of prepositions in English and Chinese and the basic word order of the two languages Sex? What's the matter? According to? No, no, no, no. That's enough. The study of prepositions in English and Chinese still remains in the form of description and function interpretation. The research from cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology is not enough.3) The order of English and Chinese prepositions is subject to "contact principle" (Principal of Relator/ PR) (Dik,1983), and "core-neighbor principle" (Head Proximity Principal/ HPP) (Dik,1983). ), whether the restrictive effect of the "word order similarity principle" (Principles of Word OrderIconicity/ PWOI) and "the principle of pre-pilotage (" Identification-Left Principles/ ILP (Lambrecht,1994) is in phase What's the competition between these word-of-order principles Is the "excellent-inferior" of the Prepositions in English and Chinese Same? What's it going on? Because of the lack of research, there is a correlation between the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their "Front-rear" tendentiousness. On the level of the degree of freedom in the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions -What's the difference? Same? There is no discussion.5) How the prepositional phrase between English and Chinese is related to the order of the attributive clause and the attributive clause. Sex? How does it move On the Relationship between English and Chinese Prepositions and Consecutive Words Sex? What's the Motives and the Inspirations A study of the types of prepositions in English and Chinese, the characteristics of the order, the law and their causes, etc. The study of the syntactic functions and features of prepositions in English and Chinese has a certain homogeneity in theory and method. This study, on the basis of evaluating and criticizing the relevant research of the predecessors, puts forward its own research topic, and determines the angle of view, the theoretical framework and the theoretical framework of the study. Methods: A corpus of BNC-BYU (BNC-BYU) and Lancaster Mobius of Mandrain Chinese (LCMC) was used to collect the relevant Chinese and Chinese materials, and the relevant data and the relevant data were analyzed and explained. In this paper, the syntactic functions of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared, and the similarities and differences and their laws are found. The purpose of this study is to explain the prepositions of English and Chinese prepositions, the front-to-back of prepositions, and the order of their superior and inferior positions, taking the mark theory (Marginal ness Theory/ MT), the "contact principle" (RP), the "core-neighbor principle" (HPP), the "word order similarity principle" (PWOI), the "focus information highlighting principle" (IFSP) and the "the principle of the pre-lead" (ILP) as the framework. The correlation between English and Chinese prepositions is compared with the above-mentioned order principle, and the relation between the degree of freedom of the common prepositions in English and Chinese and the breadth of the distribution and the front-back tendentiousness of the prepositions in English and Chinese are examined. The paper mainly studies the following:1) the class of English and Chinese prepositions The types of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared with their basic word order, and the similarities and differences of the three types of prepositions in English and Chinese are analyzed, and the semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the same as that of the English and Chinese prepositions. the influence of the English-Chinese prepositions and the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions; The syntactic and semantic structure of English and Chinese prepositions and their restrictive functions, and the syntax-semantic structure of English and Chinese complex prepositions. On the Function of the Chinese and English Prepositions and the Motivations of the Chinese and English Prepositions; The paper includes the similarities and differences of the syntactic division of prepositions between English and Chinese, the comparison of the function of the prepositions between English and Chinese, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions, their motivation, the relationship between the English and Chinese prepositions and their basic order, their motivation, and the prepositions of English and Chinese. The boundary correction of the predicate: the slave language mark and the core mark. The word order stability of the word. It includes the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their motivation, the pre-post-post tendency of English and Chinese prepositions and their syntactic markers, and the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions. The study found that:1) both English and Chinese have prepositions, The preposition and the frame preposition. In both languages, the preposition of the preposition is relative to the other two types of prepositions. The dominant, especially the English. The semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese affects both the type and the order of the English and Chinese prepositions, and also the syntactic function of the English and Chinese prepositions. A system with high correlation. VPP/ PPV in English and Chinese prepositions In English, prepositions are in the form of an absolute advantage, and the prepositions in Chinese have a pre-active (PPV) order pattern and a post-dynamic (VPP) order pattern, but with PPV as a relative advantage. the preposition of the same/ similar propositional relationship in the English-Chinese language The pattern has an asymmetry. This asymmetry is of a systematic nature and a rule. The "severe order principle" (HSP) (Hawkins,1983:78) has a strong interpretation of the prepositions of the right branch language such as English and German, but the prepositions of the left branch language such as Japanese and Chinese prepositions have no explanation. 4) In the English-Chinese double-layer preposition, the semantic abstraction of prepositions is independent of the distance from the verb, and the semantic abstraction of the preposition is not related to the term of the reference. There is a direct relationship between the distance and the near-far. The semantic abstraction is the preposition of the English-Chinese double-layer. The effect of the order constraints is different. The "In the double-layer preposition, the higher the semantic abstraction of the preposition, which is closer to the verb," (C. Lehmann,1992:403-404; Liu Danqing,2003:298) does not accord with the actual.5) English and Chinese "action-medium" There is a border dispute between the two languages. This kind of boundary is different in the two languages, with its regularity and the rule of law.6) The advantage of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the result of the restriction of the relevant word order principle. There is a competitive relationship between English and Chinese prepositions. There is a direct relationship between the degree of the English and Chinese prepositions.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146
本文编号：2488261
[Abstract]:In the traditional linguistics, the study of the prepositions of English and Chinese has also basically remained in the syntactic features, the semantic function and the syntactic function of the prepositions of the two languages. According to the research perspective and the method, these studies can be divided into the study of the grammatical dimension and the study of the comparative linguistics. But there are the following limitations:1) no emphasis is placed on the evidence in the English-Chinese language.2) There is no emphasis on the system of evidence and language facts.3) There is a lack of visual field of language typology in the research methods. In recent years, there are also some researches on the type, order and syntactic function of English and Chinese prepositions at home and abroad. What is the order correlation between prepositions and other key words in the two languages On the Harmony between English and Chinese Prepositions and the Characteristics of the Atypical Word Order in the SVO Language; To? Do you have any changes what is the correlation between the type and the order of prepositions in English and Chinese and the basic word order of the two languages Sex? What's the matter? According to? No, no, no, no. That's enough. The study of prepositions in English and Chinese still remains in the form of description and function interpretation. The research from cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology is not enough.3) The order of English and Chinese prepositions is subject to "contact principle" (Principal of Relator/ PR) (Dik,1983), and "core-neighbor principle" (Head Proximity Principal/ HPP) (Dik,1983). ), whether the restrictive effect of the "word order similarity principle" (Principles of Word OrderIconicity/ PWOI) and "the principle of pre-pilotage (" Identification-Left Principles/ ILP (Lambrecht,1994) is in phase What's the competition between these word-of-order principles Is the "excellent-inferior" of the Prepositions in English and Chinese Same? What's it going on? Because of the lack of research, there is a correlation between the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their "Front-rear" tendentiousness. On the level of the degree of freedom in the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions -What's the difference? Same? There is no discussion.5) How the prepositional phrase between English and Chinese is related to the order of the attributive clause and the attributive clause. Sex? How does it move On the Relationship between English and Chinese Prepositions and Consecutive Words Sex? What's the Motives and the Inspirations A study of the types of prepositions in English and Chinese, the characteristics of the order, the law and their causes, etc. The study of the syntactic functions and features of prepositions in English and Chinese has a certain homogeneity in theory and method. This study, on the basis of evaluating and criticizing the relevant research of the predecessors, puts forward its own research topic, and determines the angle of view, the theoretical framework and the theoretical framework of the study. Methods: A corpus of BNC-BYU (BNC-BYU) and Lancaster Mobius of Mandrain Chinese (LCMC) was used to collect the relevant Chinese and Chinese materials, and the relevant data and the relevant data were analyzed and explained. In this paper, the syntactic functions of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared, and the similarities and differences and their laws are found. The purpose of this study is to explain the prepositions of English and Chinese prepositions, the front-to-back of prepositions, and the order of their superior and inferior positions, taking the mark theory (Marginal ness Theory/ MT), the "contact principle" (RP), the "core-neighbor principle" (HPP), the "word order similarity principle" (PWOI), the "focus information highlighting principle" (IFSP) and the "the principle of the pre-lead" (ILP) as the framework. The correlation between English and Chinese prepositions is compared with the above-mentioned order principle, and the relation between the degree of freedom of the common prepositions in English and Chinese and the breadth of the distribution and the front-back tendentiousness of the prepositions in English and Chinese are examined. The paper mainly studies the following:1) the class of English and Chinese prepositions The types of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared with their basic word order, and the similarities and differences of the three types of prepositions in English and Chinese are analyzed, and the semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the same as that of the English and Chinese prepositions. the influence of the English-Chinese prepositions and the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions; The syntactic and semantic structure of English and Chinese prepositions and their restrictive functions, and the syntax-semantic structure of English and Chinese complex prepositions. On the Function of the Chinese and English Prepositions and the Motivations of the Chinese and English Prepositions; The paper includes the similarities and differences of the syntactic division of prepositions between English and Chinese, the comparison of the function of the prepositions between English and Chinese, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions, their motivation, the relationship between the English and Chinese prepositions and their basic order, their motivation, and the prepositions of English and Chinese. The boundary correction of the predicate: the slave language mark and the core mark. The word order stability of the word. It includes the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their motivation, the pre-post-post tendency of English and Chinese prepositions and their syntactic markers, and the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions. The study found that:1) both English and Chinese have prepositions, The preposition and the frame preposition. In both languages, the preposition of the preposition is relative to the other two types of prepositions. The dominant, especially the English. The semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese affects both the type and the order of the English and Chinese prepositions, and also the syntactic function of the English and Chinese prepositions. A system with high correlation. VPP/ PPV in English and Chinese prepositions In English, prepositions are in the form of an absolute advantage, and the prepositions in Chinese have a pre-active (PPV) order pattern and a post-dynamic (VPP) order pattern, but with PPV as a relative advantage. the preposition of the same/ similar propositional relationship in the English-Chinese language The pattern has an asymmetry. This asymmetry is of a systematic nature and a rule. The "severe order principle" (HSP) (Hawkins,1983:78) has a strong interpretation of the prepositions of the right branch language such as English and German, but the prepositions of the left branch language such as Japanese and Chinese prepositions have no explanation. 4) In the English-Chinese double-layer preposition, the semantic abstraction of prepositions is independent of the distance from the verb, and the semantic abstraction of the preposition is not related to the term of the reference. There is a direct relationship between the distance and the near-far. The semantic abstraction is the preposition of the English-Chinese double-layer. The effect of the order constraints is different. The "In the double-layer preposition, the higher the semantic abstraction of the preposition, which is closer to the verb," (C. Lehmann,1992:403-404; Liu Danqing,2003:298) does not accord with the actual.5) English and Chinese "action-medium" There is a border dispute between the two languages. This kind of boundary is different in the two languages, with its regularity and the rule of law.6) The advantage of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the result of the restriction of the relevant word order principle. There is a competitive relationship between English and Chinese prepositions. There is a direct relationship between the degree of the English and Chinese prepositions.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146
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