英汉语上下义关系词对比研究初探

发布时间：2019-06-15 06:21

【摘要】：语言是由千百个高级、中级和低级义场构成的语义网络。上下义关系是义场内的重要关系之一,英汉语上下义关系词的对比研究对建立英汉两种语言之间的词汇语义对应网络具有重要意义。本文通过语言研究的三种常用方法证明英汉语词汇的对应空位主要存在于低级义场上,而在中高级义场上具有高度的对应性。因此,英汉词汇语义对应网络的建立应该从中高级义场开始,由简而繁,逐步建立完整的网络体系。上义词空缺会给翻译带来困难,但英汉语言间的交际并没有因此而受到实质性的影响。基于语料库的研究表明,上义词空缺可以通过使用率高的下义词而得到补偿。研究上义词空缺及其在语言交际中的应对和处理方法是对比研究的重点。另外,文章还比较了语言研究的三种常用方法,突出展示了语料库方法的优越性,指出将基于经验主义的语料库方法和基于理性主义的内省方法相结合是更为科学合理的研究方法。
[Abstract]:Language is a semantic network composed of thousands of high-level, intermediate and low-level semantic fields. The relationship between upper and lower meanings is one of the important relations in the semantic field. The contrastive study of upper and lower semantic words in English and Chinese is of great significance to the establishment of lexical semantic correspondence network between English and Chinese. Through three common methods of language research, this paper proves that the corresponding vacancy of English and Chinese vocabulary mainly exists in the lower meaning field, but has a high correspondence in the middle and high meaning field. Therefore, the establishment of English and Chinese lexical semantic correspondence network should begin with the middle and advanced meaning field, and gradually establish a complete network system from simplicity to complexity. The vacancy of synonyms will bring difficulties to translation, but the communication between English and Chinese has not been substantially affected. The research based on corpus shows that the vacancy of synonym can be compensated by the lower word with high utilization rate. It is the focus of contrastive study to study the gap of synonyms and its coping and handling methods in language communication. In addition, the paper also compares three common methods of language research, highlights the advantages of corpus method, and points out that it is more scientific and reasonable to combine empiricism-based corpus method with rationalism-based introspect method.
【作者单位】：解放军国际关系学院二系;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“基于平行语料库的《汉英词典》的研编”(批准号:07BYY038)的资助
【分类号】：H030

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