汉语“名量”式复合词的几个相关问题

发布时间：2019-08-04 12:27

【摘要】："名量式复合词"是汉语中极具特色的一类复合词(如马匹、车辆、船只),它是随着汉语复音词的大量产生以及汉语中量词的趋向成熟而形成的。目前学界对此类词已讨论很多,但是不可否认的是:目前,对于此类词的定义仍不相同;对于此类词的鉴别、认定也存在较大差异;至于此类词的起源,或上推到先秦,或着眼于近代,相差近千余年。而这些问题的存在,往往是互为因果的(如:因为定义不同,于是鉴别认定各异,鉴别认定各异,故产生时代就不同。而产生时代看法不一,相应标准也就难以一致)。我们认为:对于这一问题,必须放在整个汉语史的历时层面上来考察,而不能仅停留于现代汉语共时层面上的讨论。本文拟从汉语史的角度,从汉语词汇复音化及汉语量词的产生发展历史入手,比较各家对"名量式复合词"的定义,分析各家所举例词及鉴别标准,提出自己的一些看法与想法,在此基础上,推测出"名量式复合词"的产生及成熟年代。
[Abstract]:"nominal compound word" is a kind of compound word with great characteristics in Chinese (such as horses, vehicles, ships). It is formed with the emergence of a large number of Chinese polysyllabic words and the maturity of classifiers in Chinese. At present, there has been a lot of discussion about this kind of words in academic circles, but it is undeniable that at present, the definition of this kind of words is still different; for the identification of such words, there are also great differences; as for the origin of such words, or to push up to the pre-Qin Dynasty, or focus on modern times, the difference is nearly a thousand years. However, the existence of these problems is often causality of each other (for example, because the definition is different, so the identification is different, so the time of emergence is different. And the emergence of different views of the times, the corresponding standards will be difficult to agree). We believe that this problem must be investigated at the diachronic level of the whole Chinese history, rather than just the discussion at the synchronic level of modern Chinese. From the point of view of Chinese history, starting with the history of polyphonic Chinese vocabulary and the emergence and development of Chinese classifiers, this paper compares the definitions of "nominal compound words", analyzes the examples and identification criteria of each school, and puts forward some views and ideas of their own. On this basis, the emergence and maturity of "nominal compound words" are deduced.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“中古汉语研究型语料库”(08BYY054)、国家社科基金重大招标项目“汉语史语料库建设研究”(10&ZD117)的成果之一
【分类号】：H146.1

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