耗散结构理论视角下的会话发展阐释

发布时间：2020-10-08 18:07

　　本文以会话结构和发展为研究对象,从耗散系统理论角度对会话的结构产生原因以及会话的发展做了阐释。耗散系统理论旨在研究开放系统如何从无序发展到有序的问题。一个典型的耗散结构有以下特点:开放性、负熵输入、涨落、反馈机制、非线性。系统的开放性是耗散系统存在的前提;负熵输入是系统存在和发展的动力;涨落和反馈机制是耗散系统不断发展的内部机制;非线性作用则是耗散系统能够不断发展的最终原因。会话系统被视为耗散系统,在外部信息的输入下不断发展从而走向有序化、结构化。会话是一个开放的系统,负熵不断从外界输入的同时会话也会影响外界。在会话中,信息是负熵,会话的形成是由于信息的输入。信息会导致正反馈和涨落,信息的持续输入使得会话不断发展。同时存在的不同信息意味着竞争,只有引起正反馈和涨落的信息会推动会话的发展。最后,当没有信息输入时,会话就会结束。我们把会话视为耗散结构系统,表明了会话是存在结构的,这为会话结构的研究提供了新的视角。同时,从耗散系统角度对会话的发展做出的解释加深了对会话的理解。
【学位单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位年份】：2018
【中图分类】：H03
【文章目录】：
学位论文的主要创新点
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background of the Study
    1.2 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Definition of Conversation
    2.2 Conversational Analysis
        2.2.1 The Aim and Methods of Conversational Analysis
        2.2.2 Turn and Turn Taking Mechanism
        2.2.3 Adjacency Pair and Conversation Repair
    2.3 Studies on Conversational Meaning
        2.3.1 The Ethnography of Communication
        2.3.2 The Interactional Linguistics
    2.4 The History of Dissipative System
Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundation
    3.1 Definition of Dissipative System
    3.2 Some Features of Dissipative System
        3.2.1 Dissipative System as an Open System
        3.2.2 System Far From Equilibrium State
        3.2.3 Entropy as a Development Marker of System
        3.2.4 Fluctuation and Positive Feedback as Intra-Factors for Development of Dissipative System
        3.2.5 Nonlinear Features of Dissipative System
Chapter 4 Conversation as a Dissipative System
    4.1 Conversation as an Open System
    4.2 Conversation as a System Far Away From Equilibrium State
    4.3 Nonlinear Features of Conversation
Chapter 5 Interpretation of Conversation from the Perspective of Dissipative System
    5.1 The Beginning of Conversation
    5.2 The Development of Conversation
        5.2.1 Negentropy in the Development of Conversation
        5.2.2 Fluctuation and Feedback in the Development of Conversation
    5.3 The Ending of Conversation
    5.4 Summary
Chapter 6 Conclusion
    6.1 Major Findings
    6.2 Limitations and Future Study
Works cited
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