华北地区悬铃木春季抽条影响因子研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 00:06

本文关键词：华北地区悬铃木春季抽条影响因子研究　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：悬铃木具有观赏性佳、适应性强、病虫害少等优点,成为园林中应用率较高的绿化树种之一。华北地区部分城市中很多悬铃木出现春季抽条的现象,这已成为制约悬铃木应用的最大障碍,也严重影响了悬铃木的景观效果。为了找到悬铃木抽条的关键所在,在此,本文对悬铃木的抽条问题进行了相应的研究。本文主要以保定、石家庄和廊坊3个城市为例,考察了多条以悬铃木为主要行道树的道路,通过对悬铃木立地环境、根系、地温、土壤容重、枝条含水量、可溶性蛋白和糖以及耐寒性这几个因子进行观察和试验,总结出各影响因子与悬铃木抽条的关系,并从中找到导致悬铃木抽条的关键所在。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过对石家庄、保定和廊坊三个城市悬铃木的胸径、生长环境、抽条情况进行调查,并对抽条等级进行划分。结果表明,石家庄、保定、廊坊的抽条发生率分别为15.46%,25.59%,43.72%,从南到北呈逐渐加剧的趋势;栽植方位对抽条的影响表现为,南北向道路东、西两侧差距不大,东西向道路南侧较北侧抽条发生率高;而不同种植形式对抽条的影响较小,树池与条状绿化带之间的差距不足2%。冬季大风天气对悬铃木抽条有着不可忽略的影响。(2)通过抽条严重和正常生长的悬铃木土壤容重、含水量以及根量对比发现,土壤含水量的多少不是导致悬铃木抽条的主要原因;抽条情况不同的两种悬铃木所在的土壤密度环境差距较大,没有发生抽条的悬铃木所在土壤容重明显小于抽条情况严重的悬铃木;抽条情况不同的悬铃木根量在竖直以及横向上都有巨大差距。正常生长的悬铃木根系主要分布在0~40cm土层处,而抽条严重的悬铃木根系主要分布在0~20cm处,根系投影面则小于树冠投影许多。(3)以4种悬铃木(美桐、英桐、法桐以及速生法桐)为试验试材,研究枝条含水量和临界含水量与抽条的关系。结果表明,安全越冬的悬铃木含水量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,2014年,4种悬铃木枝条失水主要集中在2月19日至3月1日之间。安全越冬的休眠期枝条含水量与电解质渗出率呈极显著负相关(r=-0.777**)。对悬铃木枝条临界含水量的测定试验表明,美桐、英桐、法桐三者发生抽条的临界含水量在40%~35%,速生法桐的临界含水量在35%~30%,速生法桐的抗抽条能力更强。(4)以英桐和速生法桐2种悬铃木为试材,研究休眠期悬铃木枝条可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,在悬铃木失水的关键时期,速生法桐的可溶性蛋白含量高于英桐,但可溶性糖含量却始终较英桐少。(5)以美桐、英桐、法桐、速生法桐4种悬铃木为试材,研究低温胁迫下冬季各月份悬铃木枝条半致死温度变化。结果表明,随着冬季各月温度先降低、后升高,悬铃木枝条的半致死温度也呈现相同的趋势。其中英桐的抗寒性较其它三种要高。但华北地区冬季最低温度远远高于悬铃木半致死温度,因此推断冬季低温不是抽条的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Sycamore ornamental good, strong adaptability, fewer pests and diseases has become one of the high rate of application in garden greening tree species. Many parts of North China in the city of sycamore spring pumping phenomenon, which has become the biggest obstacle to the application of sycamore, also seriously affected the sycamore landscape effect. In order to find the key. Sycamore pumping on the corresponding research on the plane pumping problem. This paper mainly in Baoding, 3 in Shijiazhuang and Langfang city as an example, studied several main road to sycamore trees, through the plane arborescens environment, root system, soil temperature, soil bulk density, water content of branches, for the observation and test of soluble protein and sugar and cold tolerance of these factors, summed up the influence factors and the relationship between sycamore pumping, and find the key to sycamore pumping lies. The main results are as follows: (1) in Shijiazhuang, Baoding and Langfang three growth environment of the city of sycamore, DBH, pumping conditions were investigated, and on a level. The results showed that Shijiazhuang, Baoding, the pumping rate was 15.46%, 25.59% in Langfang, 43.72%, from south to north is a gradually increasing trend; effect of planting on a range of performance for the North South Road, East and west sides gap, East-West Road on the south side is on the north side of the pumping rate is high; and the influence of different planting pattern on the small tree pool and green belt shaped gap between 2%. with a Winter Gale weather a non negligible effect on sycamore pumping. (2) by pumping serious and normal growth of platanusacerifolia soil bulk density, moisture content and root biomass comparison, soil water content is not the main reason resulting in the sycamore pumping pumping situation; The density of soil environmental gap two with the large tree, no pumping platanusacerifolia where the soil bulk density was significantly less than the pumping serious sycamore; a pumping sycamore root biomass of different has a huge gap in the vertical and horizontal. The normal growth of the suspended SUZUKI root mainly distributed in 0~40cm soil layer, and smoke a serious Platanus system mainly distributed in 0~20cm, the projection surface is less than the root crown projection. (3) to 4 (the British Tong Tong, sycamore, Fatong and poplar Fatong) were used as experimental material, the research branches of water content and critical water content and pumping relationship. The results show that the safety the water content of overwintering sycamore decreased firstly and then increased, in 2014, 4 sycamore branches mainly concentrated in the water loss between February 19th and March 1st. Dormant shoot water content and electrolyte permeability rate significantly in winter A significant negative correlation (r=-0.777**). Test of sycamore branches critical moisture content show that the beauty of Tong, Tong Ying, Fatong occurrence of the three critical moisture pumping in 40%~35%, the fast-growing Fatong critical moisture content in 35%~30%, anti pumping ability of fast-growing Fatong. (4) in English and Tong the 2 speed tree as test materials, changes of dormancy in Platanus soluble protein and soluble sugar content. The results show that in the critical period of Platanus water, soluble protein content was higher than that of the fast-growing Fatong Tong, but soluble sugar content was always higher than the British Tong less. (5) to the United States Tong, UK Tong, Fatong, poplar Fatong 4 tree as test materials, the effects of low temperature stress in each month of sycamore branches semi lethal temperature changes. The results showed that, with the winter temperature in different months decreased first, then increased, tree branches and semi lethal temperature also showed the same trend. Ying Tong cold resistance compared with the other three to high. But the lowest temperature in winter in North China is much higher than that of Platanus semi lethal temperature, mainly due to low temperature in winter is not so that pumping.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S792.37

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