哈尔滨居住区植物景观研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 01:23

本文关键词：哈尔滨居住区植物景观研究　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 居住区 植物景观 评价 绿化树种 PM2.5

【摘要】：随着我国经济建设的发展,环境问题日益突出。伴随着快节奏的生活,人们的精神压力也逐渐增大。因此,人们也越来越关注与其生活质量息息相关的居住区景观质量。高绿地率和绿化率也并不一定就能实现优质的植物景观,只有科学合理地进行植物配置和设计才能形成优质园林景观,从而美化和净化人居环境,提高整个居住区品质。哈尔滨冬季时间十分漫长,园林植物的种类相对于南方地区来说比较有限,植物景观也并不是十分的丰富。且长时间的供暖,也增加了该城市大气中PM2.5的浓度,造成了严重的空气污染。因此,对居住区绿化树种减少PM2.5的能力进行调查、评价并寻找出令人们感到舒适且喜愉快的植物景观,能够在理论上和实际上优化哈尔滨居住区的植物配置,使得哈尔滨居住区植物景观更为丰富。同时,研究也对其它寒地城市的居住区植物景观的营建能起到部分的参考作用。本文运用了风景园林学、实验心理学及数理统计学等理论,对具有代表性的10个哈尔滨居住区植物群落的种类、类型、群落结构以及配置进行系统分析,并在此基础上对居住区常用的绿化树种减少PM2.5的能力进行评价;同时,选取了哈尔滨居住区不同绿地类型的典型植物景观进行定性与定量评价,得到了以下的一些结果:(1)在哈尔滨居住区植物群落中,共有植物74种,分属于30科45属:居住区植物类型组成以乔木类、灌木类、草本类为主。垂直结构主要是“乔—灌—草”的复层模式,“乔—灌”模式次之。(2)居住区常用的绿化树种类型中,针叶树种减少PM2.5的能力最强。并且乔木中侧柏、刺柏、丹东桧、沙地柏、加杨、色木槭减少PM2.5的能力为强,而灌木中则只有铺地柏减少PM2.5的能力为强。(3)对哈尔滨居住区主要的三个绿地空间的植物景观:入口、道路绿地植物景观;宅旁绿地植物景观;组团绿地植物景观现状进行分析。得出了不同绿地空间景观的营造手法和植物运用的特点。(4)运用BIB-LCJ、SD评价法评价哈尔滨近期建设的居住区的植物景观,发现哈尔滨居住区的植物景观总体情况良好。两种评价结果基本吻合。(5)采用因子分析法,得出主要影响哈尔滨居住区植物景观效果的五个潜在特定因子:美感因子、活力因子、观赏性因子、舒适性因子。(6)同时,植物景观也还是存在一定程度的问题,据此给予了一些相应的营造植物景观建议:增加乡土植物种类;突出近“自然”植物群落的营造;加强植物景观管理养护体系的完善程度。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic construction in China, environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid pace of life, people's mental pressure is also gradually increasing. People also pay more and more attention to the residential landscape quality which is closely related to their quality of life. High green space rate and green rate are not necessarily able to achieve high-quality plant landscape. Only scientific and reasonable plant configuration and design can form high-quality landscape, thus beautify and purify the living environment, improve the quality of the entire residential area. Harbin winter is a long time. The species of garden plants is relatively limited compared with the southern region, the plant landscape is not very rich, and the long-term heating, also increased the concentration of PM2.5 in the atmosphere of the city. Therefore, the ability of greening trees to reduce PM2.5 in residential areas was investigated, and the plant landscape was evaluated and found to make people feel comfortable and happy. It can optimize the plant configuration of Harbin residential area theoretically and practically, make the plant landscape of Harbin residential area more abundant. At the same time. The study also plays a part of reference to the construction of residential plant landscape in other cold cities. This paper uses the theories of landscape architecture, experimental psychology and mathematical statistics. The species, types, community structure and configuration of plant communities in 10 representative residential areas in Harbin were systematically analyzed. On the basis of this, the ability of reducing PM2.5 of common greening tree species in residential area was evaluated. At the same time, selected the typical plant landscape of different types of green space in Harbin residential area for qualitative and quantitative evaluation, obtained the following results: 1) there are 74 species of plants in the plant community of Harbin residential area. They belong to 30 families and 45 genera. The plant types in the residential area are mainly Arbor, shrub and herbaceous. The vertical structure is mainly composed of "Arbor, shrub and grass". Among the common greening tree species in residential area, coniferous species have the strongest ability to reduce PM2.5, and Arbor Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus przewalskii, Dandong juniper, Sabina dandungensis, Cypress dandongensis and Populus katsui are the most effective in reducing PM2.5. The ability of reducing PM2.5 of Acer mongolica is strong, while the ability of reducing PM2.5 in shrub is strong. 3) the plant landscape of three main green spaces in Harbin residential area: entrances. Plant landscape of road green space; Plant landscape of green space beside house; The present situation of plant landscape of group green space was analyzed. The methods of building different green space landscape and the characteristics of plant application were obtained. (4) BIB-LCJ was used. The evaluation method of SD was used to evaluate the plant landscape of the recently constructed residential area in Harbin, and it was found that the overall situation of the plant landscape in the residential area of Harbin was good. The two evaluation results were basically consistent with each other. 5) the factor analysis method was used. Five potential specific factors which mainly affect the plant landscape effect of Harbin residential area: aesthetic factor, vitality factor, ornamental factor, comfort factor. 6) at the same time. There are still some problems in plant landscape, according to which some suggestions are given to construct plant landscape: to increase the species of native plants; Stress the construction of the near "natural" plant community; Strengthen the improvement of plant landscape management and conservation system.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.125

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