敦煌市的农业结构、城镇化及其对生态环境的影响

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:01

本文关键词：敦煌市的农业结构、城镇化及其对生态环境的影响　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国西北地区绿洲的生态环境状况不容乐观。中国农业的现代化、市场化导向,尤其因“三农问题”所提倡的农村增收政策不仅促进了中国西北干旱区的城市化,而且对生态环境的影响也越来越大。以敦煌市为例,主要采用深度访谈和参与性观察方法,分别剖析了敦煌绿洲的农业结构演变与城镇化发展情况,以及它们对生态环境的影响。研究显示：第一,市场化和政策导向下的现代农业促使敦煌农民收入稳步提高,后者又迅速提高了城市化水平。城市化水平提高又迫使农业发展进一步迎合市场化导向。第二,虽然地方政府采取了较为严格的控制用水和限制开垦的措施,但因“节水农业”并没有得到广泛推广,农业的规模化扩张导致农业用水量持续上升,绿洲生态危机越来越严重,如地下水位持续下降,不但威胁了“月牙泉”的旅游景观,而且若没有外部水源的补给,敦煌绿洲的地下水位将日益走向“悬空”的危险状态。由此,地方农业发展模式要么全面走向“滴灌农业”模式,要么限制耕地的实际利用总面积,别无他途。第三,采用复合指标法分析了敦煌市的城市化综合水平,并以此为基础测算了城市化与生态环境的协调耦合度,在1995～2010年之间,敦煌的城镇化水平逐渐提高,生态环境状况先是曲折下降然后上升最后再下降,且其对城镇化的响应较为明显的同时又具有一定的滞后性。当前敦煌处于城镇化与生态环境的相对协调发展期,但是协调耦合度处于增长的状态,若放任生态环境的恶化,生态环境危机恐将进入潜伏期,整个系统也可能会进入极限发展阶段。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, ecological environment of the oasis in Northwest Chinese is not optimistic. Chinese agricultural modernization, market-oriented, especially advocated by the "three rural issues" of rural income policy not only promoted the Chinese city in arid area of Northwest China, and the impact on the ecological environment is also growing. Taking Dunhuang City as an example mainly uses the depth interview and participant observation method, analyzes the evolution and development of urban agricultural structure of Dunhuang oasis, and their impact on the ecological environment. The study shows: first, market and policy under the guidance of modern agriculture to Dunhuang farmers' income increased steadily, the rapid increase in the city level city. To improve the level of agricultural development and to further meet the market oriented. Second, although the local government has taken control of water and limit more stringent measures, But because of the "water-saving agriculture" has not been widely applied, the scale of agricultural expansion in agricultural water use continued to rise, the oasis ecological crisis becomes more and more serious, such as the underground water level continued to decline, not only threatens the "Crescent Spring" of the tourism landscape, but if there is no external water supply, groundwater level of Dunhuang oasis will be increasingly "the dangerous state". Thus, either suspended agricultural development mode to "local comprehensive agricultural irrigation mode, the total area of actual use or restrict land, no other way. Third, using the composite index method to analyze the comprehensive level of urbanization of Dunhuang City, and on the basis of estimates of the city and the ecological environment coordination the coupling degree, in 1995~2010 years, the urbanization level in Dunhuang gradually increased, ecological environment is first decreased and then increased and then decreased twists and turns, and its response to Urbanization Obviously also has a certain lag. The current Dunhuang is relatively harmonious development of urbanization and ecological environment, but the coordination degree of coupling in a state of growth, if the deterioration of the ecological environment and ecological environment of laissez faire, the fear of crisis will enter the latent period, the whole system may also enter the ultimate stage of development.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.115

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