基于土地利用的城市热环境格局动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 20:14

本文关键词：基于土地利用的城市热环境格局动态变化研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市化脚步加快,我国城市化水平不断提高,而一味追求经济增长的过程中忽略的环境保护,引发了一系列生态环境破坏与污染问题。笔者结合所学知识,从生态环境中的热环境角度出发,以河北省武安市为研究区,分析了城市化过程中土地利用变化与热环境效应之间的关系。研究将2001年Landsat5/TM和2015年Landsat 8/OLI_TIRS遥感数据进行土地利用分类与地表温度反演,分别得到武安市土地利用类型图及地表温度反演图,分析其变化趋势;从生态学角度出发,计算不同热环境下的景观格局指数,并对其变化状况进行分析;并利用Arcgis将研究区进行2.5km*2.5km的网格划分,定量研究建设用地面积比例所引起的热环境动态响应特征。主要研究结果如下:(1)2001-2015年,武安市建设用地面积增长迅速,土地利用格局发生了剧烈变化,中心城区建设用地面积向外扩张明显,其平均地表温度也呈明显上升趋势,且地表温度的变化趋势与建设用地扩张趋势大体相近。城市扩张是以牺牲耕地等生态用地为代价,从而引起研究区的热环境效应。(2)2001-2015年热环境景观格局数据显示,2015年武安市热环境问题进一步突出。随着城市化的推进,城市建成区面积持续增加,导致高温度区域面积持续增加,研究区优势斑块由2001年的次高温区转变为高温区,高温区呈明显扩张趋势。特高温区斑块分布呈现集中趋势,与武安市建设用地密度以及建设用地面积大规模增加有关。(3)以2.5km*2.5km为网格单元对研究区建设用地及温度状况进行分析发现,2001-2015年期间,武安市地表温度呈整体上升趋势,次高温区、高温区以及特高温区呈现出较大范围的扩张,且温度情况呈现出城市中央温度较高,并向四周逐渐下降的变化情况。(4)从2.5km*2.5km网格尺度的建设用地变化情况来看,建设率高的网格,其温度也处于较高水平;在建设率相对低的网格,其温度也相应较低,地表温度变化情况与其建设用地变化呈正相关趋势。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the accelerated pace of urbanization, the level of urbanization in China has been continuously improved, while blindly pursuing economic growth in the process of ignoring environmental protection. A series of ecological environment damage and pollution problems have been caused. The author combined with the knowledge learned from the point of view of the thermal environment in the ecological environment, taking Wuan City of Hebei Province as the research area. The relationship between land use change and thermal environmental effects during urbanization was analyzed. The Landsat5/TM in 2001 and Landsat in 2015 were studied. 8 / OLITIRS remote sensing data for land use classification and surface temperature inversion. The land use type map and land surface temperature inversion map of Wuan City were obtained, and the trend of change was analyzed. From the ecological point of view, the landscape pattern index under different thermal environment was calculated, and the change of landscape pattern index was analyzed. The study area is divided into 2. 5 km and 2. 5 km by Arcgis. The dynamic response characteristics of thermal environment caused by the proportion of construction land area are quantitatively studied. The main results are as follows: 1) from 2001 to 2015, the area of construction land in Wuan City increased rapidly. The pattern of land use has changed dramatically, the area of construction land in the central urban area has expanded obviously, and the average surface temperature has also shown an obvious upward trend. And the change trend of surface temperature is similar to the trend of construction land expansion. Urban expansion is at the expense of cultivated land and other ecological land. The data of thermal environment landscape pattern from 2001 to 2015 show that in 2015 the thermal environment problem in Wuan City is more prominent. With the development of urbanization. The area of urban built-up area continues to increase, which leads to the increase of the area of high temperature. The dominant plaque in the study area has changed from the sub-high temperature area in 2001 to the high temperature area. The distribution of patches in high temperature areas showed a tendency of concentration. It is related to the density of construction land and the large-scale increase of construction land area in Wuan City. From 2001 to 2015, the surface temperature of Wuan City showed an overall upward trend. The sub-high temperature area, the high temperature area and the extra high temperature area showed a large range of expansion, and the temperature situation showed a higher temperature in the center of the city. According to the change of 2.5 km / 2. 5 km grid scale, the temperature of the grid with high construction rate is also at a high level. In the grid with relatively low construction rate, the temperature of the grid is also relatively low, and the change of the surface temperature is positively correlated with the change of the construction land.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X16;TU984.1

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