滨海重盐碱区几种水培植物的耐盐碱性及其净化氮磷效果的研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 08:26

本文关键词：滨海重盐碱区几种水培植物的耐盐碱性及其净化氮磷效果的研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：滨海地区地理位置优越,沿海城市与外界联系紧密,大多为全国经济、政治、交通枢纽,经济发达且发展迅速。由于滨海地区生境中往往是盐碱同时存在,并且多为盐碱含量高的水体,植物除了应对盐胁迫,还要应对由碱胁迫引起的高pH胁迫,加之各种明渠暗管中污水的排入导致该地区水体污染严重,植物生长条件恶劣,生存率低,导致大面积的盐碱土壤荒芜、水体景观萧条,严重影响滨海发达城市的生态景观形象,阻碍其快速发展。因此,含盐碱水体的治理成为亟待解决的问题。各种景观效果好,生存能力强,对水体中氮磷等营养物质有较好净化作用的水生植物耐盐碱性的研究,是含盐碱水体生态修复最需要先解决的问题。盐碱对植物造成的渗透胁迫、离子毒害等生理伤害的研究表明,盐碱混合胁迫更能说明植物的真实耐盐碱性。因此,盐碱混合胁迫下植物生理变化的研究是植物耐盐碱的综合机理的基础,对含盐碱水体的生态修复有重要的指导意义。本研究以芦苇、香蒲、黑麦草、荻、黄菖蒲、蜀葵为植物材料,NaCl和Na2CO3、 NaHCO3模拟出不同的盐度(0～20‰)和pH(7.0～9.0)的混合盐碱胁迫,分别对种子和幼苗进行盐碱胁迫处理,通过测定植物种子发芽率、幼苗脯氨酸含量等生理指标来研究植物的耐盐碱性：将植物置于分别含盐(0～15‰)、碱(pH 7.0～9.0)及氮磷的水体中,通过测定植物生理指标变化及氮磷等物质含量变化来研究植物对水体的净化作用。研究结果表明：1、黑麦草、蜀葵种子的耐盐碱性：(1)碱胁迫对植物种子萌发的影响较盐胁迫大,盐碱胁迫的耦合作用对黑麦草、蜀葵种子萌发的影响更大。高盐(20%o)、pH9.18时几乎无种子萌发。(2)黑麦草种子在盐碱胁迫下生命力较强,其发芽率、发芽势较蜀葵高,即黑麦草种子耐盐碱性强于蜀葵。2、芦苇、香蒲、黄菖蒲、荻、黑麦草幼苗的耐盐碱性：(1)芦苇能耐受的盐碱度分别为pH 8.13时盐度小于15‰、pH 9.18时盐度小于 10‰;荻能耐受的盐碱度分别为pH 8.13时小于10‰的盐度,pH 9.18时小于5℃的盐度;香蒲能耐受的盐碱度分别pH 8.13时盐度小于10‰、pH 9.18时盐度小于5‰;黄菖蒲能耐受的盐碱度分别为pH 7.64时小于10.5‰的盐度,pH8.71时小于3.5%o的盐度;黑麦草能耐受的盐碱度分别为pH 8.13时盐度小于10‰、pH 9.18时盐度小于5‰。(2)耐盐碱性排序为：芦苇香蒲荻黑麦草黄菖蒲。(3)这5种植物均可以作为修复盐碱地、恢复当地景观的备选植物。3、芦苇、香蒲、黑麦草的对含盐碱水质净化效果：(1)在含盐碱、氮磷水体中,植物耐盐碱性都有所降低。(2)在盐碱胁迫下芦苇对氨氮去除率比香蒲平均高2.7%,而盐、碱胁迫下香蒲对硝氮的去除率平均比芦苇高2.5%、0.1%；盐胁迫下两种植物对总氮去除效果相差不大,碱胁迫下香蒲去除总氮效率平均高于芦苇8.2%;盐胁迫香蒲净化总磷效率平均高于芦苇7.3%,而碱胁迫下,芦苇对总磷的去除率平均高于香蒲1.4%。(3)黑麦草在碱胁迫下对氮磷的处理效率较盐胁迫高。
[Abstract]:The geographical position is superior in coastal area, the coastal city in close contact with the outside world, mostly for the country's economic, political, transportation hub, developed economy and the rapid development of the coastal area. Habitat is often saline exist at the same time, and more for the high content of salt water plant, in addition to salt stress, but also with high pH caused by alkali stress stress, and discharged into the sewage pipe channel in the area of water pollution is serious, plant growth conditions, the survival rate is low, resulting in a large area of saline soil is barren, water landscape depression, seriously affecting the coastal developed city ecological landscape image, hinder its rapid development. Therefore, problems to be solved with salt treatment the water has become various. Good landscape effect, strong survival ability, has better purification effect on alkaline salt tolerance of aquatic plants on nitrogen and phosphorus in water is alkaline water containing nutrients The body of ecological restoration need to solve the problem. Permeability caused by salt stress on ion toxicity physiological damage showed that the salt alkaline mixed stress can explain the real plant salt tolerance. Therefore, study on the physiological changes of plants under salt alkaline mixed stress is the basis for comprehensive mechanism of plant salt tolerance, are important significance of ecological restoration of saline water containing. In this study, reed, Typha, ryegrass, Di, Huang Changpu, hollyhock as plant material NaCl and Na2CO3, NaHCO3 to simulate different salinity (0 to 20 per thousand) and pH (7 ~ 9) of the mixed salt stress, respectively on seeds and seedlings to salt stress treatment by measuring the seeds germination rate, seedling proline content and other physiological indicators of plant salt tolerant plants in salt respectively: (0 ~ 15 per thousand), alkali (pH 7 ~ 9) and nitrogen and phosphorus in water, through the determination of plant Change of physiological indexes and the nitrogen and phosphorus content to study the purification effect of plants on water. The results show that: 1, ryegrass, hollyhock seed salt alkaline tolerance: (1) effect of alkali stress on Seed Germination of salt stress, salt stress coupling effect of black wheat, effects of hollyhock seed germination more at high salt (20%o), pH9.18 almost no seed germination. (2) ryegrass seeds under saline alkali stress strong vitality, germination rate, germination potential is high: hollyhock ryegrass seed salt alkaline tolerance, strong in hollyhock.2, reed, Typha, Huang Changpu, Di, salt tolerance of ryegrass seedlings Reed: (1) the tolerance to salinity were pH 8.13 when the salinity is less than 15 per thousand, 9.18 pH when the salinity is less than 10 per thousand; Di tolerance to alkalinity of pH 8.13 when the salinity is less than 10 per thousand respectively, pH 9.18 is less than 5 DEG C salinity; cattail tolerance to salinity were pH 8.13 when the salinity is less than 10 per thousand, 9.18 pH when the salinity is less than 5 per thousand; irispseudacorus tolerance to salinity is 7.64 pH when the salinity is less than 10.5 per thousand respectively, pH8.71 less than 3.5%o of salinity tolerance to salinity; ryegrass were pH 8.13 when the salinity is less than 10 per thousand, 9.18 pH when the salinity is less than 5 per thousand. (2) salt alkaline sort: reed cattail reed ryegrass irispseudacorus. (3) the 5 plants can be used as repair of saline alkali soil, restoration of the local landscape alternative plants.3, reed, cattail, Ryegrass with saline water purification effect: (1) containing salt, nitrogen and phosphorus in water body plant, salt tolerance have been reduced. (2) under saline alkali stress than the average removal rate of reed cattail as high as 2.7%, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate under salt and alkali stress on nitrate nitrogen than the cattail reed high 2.5%, 0.1%; two kinds of plants under Salt Stress on total nitrogen removal efficiency difference, alkali stress the total nitrogen removal under. The average efficiency is higher than that of reed 8.2%; salt stress was higher than that of total phosphorus purification efficiency of cattail reed 7.3%, and reed under alkali stress, the total phosphorus removal rate is higher than the average 1.4%. (3) in Typha ryegrass under alkaline stress treatment efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus than high salt stress.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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